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- What is the difference between first generation analogs and second generation analogs that are sulfureas?
- Second generation analog form of oral hypoglycemic sulfulreas require lower therapeutic does and thus have less side effects
- What type of diabetes are oral hypoglycemics such as sulfureas used to treat?
- Sulfureas are used to treat type two diabetes melittis mono or combination therapy, not type one because they increase insulin secretion
- What is significant about glymipiride?
- It is a second generation oral hypoglycemic that is good bc of the low theraputic dose and long halflife
- How do oral hypoglycemics used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitis work?
- they stimulate insulin secretion by binding to the B-cell K channel, inhibiting it, leading to calcium influx
- What are the characteristics of oral hypoglycemics?
- rapidly absorbed, bound to plasma protiens, and hepatic metabolism
- What are biguinides such as metformin good for?
- pregnant and obese people
- How do biguinides work?
- they increase responciveness to insulin by decreasing hepatic glucose production and increasing glucose uptake
- What is not a side effect of biguinides?
- they modify the effects of insulin but do not increase insulin secretion like oral hypoglycemic agents so they cannot cause hypoglycemia
- What are two alpha glucosiadase inhibitors?
- arcarbose, miglitol
- How do alpha glucosiadase inhibitors work?
- they decrease polysaccaride hydrolysis, slowing glucose absorption, they have a moderate effect on post-parandial blood glucose.
- What are two thiazolidinediones
- rosiglitazone and pioglitazone
- What is the mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones?
- Increase sensitivity to insulin, no direct effect on secretion, glucose transporter synthesis
- What is the type of diabetes drug that causes weight loss?
- biguanides