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PSYCH 104 exam 1

Terms

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occipital lobe
primary visual information
depth perception
ability to see objects in 3 dimensions and allows us to see distance
monocular cues
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Neurons: four parts
Neurons, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath
relative clarity
hazy objects seem more distant
sympathetic
arousing autonomic system
dendrite
collects information
perception
select, organize, and interpret sensations--psychological
correlation
a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together and thus of how well either factor predicts of each other
pons
"Bridge" two functions: surface bridge between cerebellum and spinal cord, coordinates movements on left and right side of body
amygdala
relates to emotion
difference threshold
minimum difference between two stimuli required for distinction 50% of the time
motor: PNS
CNS to muscles and organs
relative brightness
closter objects appear brighter
Neuron:
cells life-support center
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
perceptual consistancy
allows us to percieve an object as unchanging even as illumination and retnal image change (color, size and shape)
theory
an explanation using an integrated set of principals that organize observations and predicts behaviors or events.
Gestalt Proxmity
group nearby figures together
autonomic
controls our organs and glands--
peripheral nervous system parts
autonomic and sematic
Synaptic gap\Cleft
the gap between the synapse and the recieving neuron
axon
cells output structure
JND
just noticeable difference
Neurotransmitters
chemical messengers that travers the synaptic gaps between neurons
relative motion
closer objects seem to move faster
Medullah
regulates basic physiological functions, breathing, heartrate, digestion
sensory: PNS
sensory receptors to CNS
synapse
junction between Axon tip of the sending neuron and dendrite or of the recieving neuron
gestalt continuity
percieve continuous patterns
positive correlation
variables show and up and up or a down and down correlation
measures of Central Tendency
Mean, median mode
negative correlation
variables show an up and down or a downwards and upwards trend
the limbic system
Hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus
cerebellum
controls fine motor skills
random Assignment
every subject in study has an equal chance of being placed in either the experimental or control group
hypothalamus
maintains homeostasis in body
myelin sheath
not part of neuron, some have some dont, acts as an electrical insulator
parasympathetic
calming autonomic system
relative height
higher objects are seen as more distant
texture
coarse=close, fine=far
binocular cues
1. retinal disparity (images from tewo eyes differ 2. convergance: the degree to which muscles rotate your eyes to focus on an object
hypothesis
a testable prediction, often applied by theory
sematic sysem
controls voluntary movements and skeletal muscles
gestalt closure
fills in gaps
corpus callosum
connects two hemispheres--major pathway
interneurons
connections w\in CNS
bionocular
depth cues that involve comparing in left and right eyes.
hindsight bias
tendancy to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.
perpripheral nervous system
three kinds of neurons connect to body: Motor, Sensory, and Interneurons
Absolute threshold
nimimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time
Monocular Cue
depth cues that appear in the image in either left or right eye
frontal lobe
primary recieving area for auditory information
independent variable
controlled factor in an experiment
Localization
notion that different functions are located in different areas of brain
the brain
achieves 20% of body's work
sensation
detect physical energy and encodes it into a neural signal--physical
sensory adaption
diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
psychology
scientific study of behavior and mental processes
survey
a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people. Usually by questioning or a random sampling
parietal lobe
processes somatic information (touch) and contains somatosensory cortex
Random Sample
every number of a population being studied should have an equal chance of being selected for the study
Cue
stimulous characteristic which influences our perceptions
four lobes of brain hemispheres
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
experiment
a direct way to test a hypothesis about a cause\effect relationship between factors
Gestalt cimilarity
groups figures that are similar
hindbrain
brain stem with four parts: medulla, cerebellum, pons, reticular formation
gestalt grouping principals
tendency to percieve things in groups
dependent variable
measured facts in an experiment
bottom-up
starts with sensory receptors and works up to the brains integration
hippocampus
forms new memories
reticular formation
inside medula, regulates sleep, wakefulness, levels of arousal
gestalt connectedness
spots, lines, and areas are seen as a unit when conected.
relative size
smaller image is more distant
interposition
closer object vlocks distant object
top-down
starts with higher level mental processes that construct perceptions drawing on our experiences and expectations
laterialization
notion that different functions are processed in one side of the brain or the other
linear p;erspective
parallel lines converge with distance
thalamus
Middle of brain: relay station and processes information

Deck Info

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