Sociology - Socialization
Terms
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- anticipatory socialization
- the process of social learning directed toward gaining a desired position. It is where someone adopts the social patterns of some group in anticipation of gaining acceptance
- stages of cognitive development
- sensory-motore, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational
- egocentrism
- the inability to take another's perspective; a lack of objectivity generally associated with Piaget's pre-operational stage
- institutional agents of socialization
- family, schools, peer groups, and the mass media
- family
- the most important agent of socialization; kids depend on it especially before school
- peer group
- a social group made of people with common interests, social positions, and ages; provides an escape from parental supervision
- concrete operational stage
- ages 7-12; child deals with concrete problems in the presence of objects in logical ways (manipulating numbers, etc.)
- sensory-motor stage
- ages 0-2; trial & error learning, children lack object permanence
- mead
- a social behaviorist who integrated biological and environmental factors in personality development
- superego
- third part of freud's model of personality; presence of culture within the individual; internalized values and norms of our culture, it is our ability to understand and rationalize why we can't have what we want, how we ought to behave, moral interjection, guilt/pride, and understanding right from wrong.
- hidden curriculum
- teaches important cultural values like competition, rigid formality, and success based on performance rather than love; important aspect of school socialization
- delinquent peer groups
- groups of kids who seek out each other; they all have in common a lack of "proper" socialization from their families
- stages of accepting death
- denial, anger, negotiation, resignation, and acceptance
- looking glass self
- others represent a mirror in which we perceive ourselves as they see us; it's the idea that the self is based on how others respond to us OR how we think about ourselves is inseparable from the way others see us (am I thin/does this make me look fat?).
- cooley
- guy who came up with the looking glass self
- freud
- a biology guy, not a sociology guy
- modeling
- how attitudes, behaviors, and values are demonstrated (the observation and emulation of other in-group members' behavior)
- ego
- second part of freud's model of personality; conscious efforts to balance immediate pleasure seeking drives with the demands of society (can't always have what you want); operates on the Reality Principle.
- negative impacts of tv
- programs our attitudes and beliefs, preserves gender stereotypes (men in power, women in submissive roles), preserves class stereotypes (poor=ignorant), preserves white race dominance by having the few appearing minorities mode appropriate behavior (cosby), potentially promotes violence
- id
- first part of freud's model of personality; human's basic drives unconsciousness demand for immediate gratification; operates on the "pleasure principle"
- true
- most violent behavior is learned (true/false?)
- pre-operational stage
- ages 2-7; child can't perform mental operations & lack conservation of mass; they're ego-centric and they lack objectivity
- total institution
- people isolated from the rest of society and controlled by administrative staff (prison, mental hospital, etc).
- success based on performance rather than love
- good & bad: kids come to value themselves again in a positive or negative way (part of hidden curriculum)
- formal operational stage
- ages 11/12+; though some never reach it, child applies formal logic, thinks in abstract & consequential, processes if/then, shows concern for society, becomes empathetic & introspective
- rigid formality
- parking, punctuality, respect for authority, regimented class periods, etc.
- cohort
- category of people with a common characteristic---usually age
- problems with schools
- this agent of socialization requires a kid to have verbal, social, and moral skills to cope in a cooperative environment; not all kids have it because they have bad families
- resocialization
- deliberately controlled environment to radically alter someone's personality
- schools
- agent of socialization that teaches things like diversity, competition, success based on performance, and rigid formality
- mass media
- you know...tv, radio and stuff; the chief means by which we construct our social reality
- positive impacts of tv
- entertainment, sells products, babysits, education, relaxation, increases exposure to other cultures
- socialization
- the process by which people acquire aqttitudes, behaviors, and values that define themselves as individuals and as members of groups
- conservation
- the ability to perceive that the substance's quantity remains the same despite a change in its shape; associated with piaget's pre-operational stage
- parents
- socialize us to be certain things: strong/weak, safe/unsafe, smart/stupid, loved/tolerated, masculine/feminine, etc.