Chamber Music and solo
Terms
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- Trio Sonata
- The most important Baroque form of Chamber Music 3 written parts: 2 soloists and basso continuo requires 4 people: usually 2 violins + cello + harpsichord (remember that basso continuo requires 2 people to realize it)
- Duet, Trio, quartet, etc.
- - name based upon the number of performers. The Classical period saw standardization of the String Quartet - 2 violins, viola and cello
- Sonata -
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1. a binary form favored by Domenico Scarlatti, meaning sound piece
2. multi-movement plan for orchestra, solo instrument or duet....Sonata principle is in symphonies, quartets and sonatas since the late 18th Century
3. Sonata da chiesa vs. Sonata da camera
4. Solo with accompaniment - a piece is chamber music if all parts are more or less equal in musical value and difficulty. Accompaniment has a more subsidiary connotation. - Toccata * Similar works: Fantasia, Capriccio, and sometimes Prelude
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- an improvisatory-sounding, dramatic, virtuosic “touch” piece. Rhythms tend to be freer and
counterpoint less involved. Usually paired with a fugue for balance and contrast. - Fugue -
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a contrapuntal musical form in which each part enters imitatively with the same theme or subject.
Later, the subject combines with itself and with countersubjects.
-Often paired with other freer works like Toccata, Fantasia, Capriccio and Prelude
Perfected in BachÂ’s music but still in use today with adaptations to different styles. in polyphony, each part is conceived as a melody, but the melodic tones sounding together form chords. It is this occurrence (the simultaneity) that gives rise to the term, - Chorale Prelude -
- a term often loosely applied to any organ composition based on a chorale melody. As the term implies, such pieces probably originated as functional liturgical music: the organist played through the tune of the chorale with ornaments and embellishments, as an introduction to the congregational singing of the chorale.
- Theme and Variations -
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several types on simple idea: Variations on a melody or variations on bass line
1. Variations on melody is the most familiar type. Very popular in Classical style and later. - Passacaglia -
- long Bass pattern repeats throughout piece. Harmony and melody can vary only so much as the bass will allow. Ex. Bach’s Passacaglia and Fugue is the standard for the label...other pieces may be titled “passacaglia” but may not actually possess the form
- Chaconne -
- Harmonic pattern, not the bass line, is repeated over and over.
- Suite -
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collection of actual or stylized dance movements. The key word is “collection” Extremely popular in Baroque and Rococo keyboard works:
-Certain dances recur: Allemande, Courante, Sarabande and Gigue