Europe Test WH1
Use I instead of 1 (ie Leo III instead of Leo 3 or Leo 111).
Terms
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- Ivan I
- Russian prince who collected taxes in Moscow for the Mongols.
- Bubonic Plague
- Disease that destroyed one-third of the population in Europe during the 1300s.
- Joan of Arc
- Young French girl who led the French to victory at the siege of Orleans, burned at stake by English.
- towns
- Many serfs ran away from their manors to ____ during the 1000s.
- Icons
- These religious images began a controversy which resulted in patriarch and the pope excommunicating each other.
- Ivan III
- Russian prince who took name czar and fought off Mongols.
- Romanesque
- The style of Church building prominent between 800 and 1100.
- Battle of Hastings
- Battle between William the Conqueror and Harold Godwinson over England's throne in 1066.
- Belisarius
- Justinian's very effective "hitman"/general
- Plague of Justinian
- A disease that contributed to the fall of the Byzantine Empire.
- Charles Martel
- He expanded the Frankish Empire and defeated Muslims in Spain.
- Parliament
- Legislative group formed by Edward I in England.
- Saddle
- Major invention in 700s that kept a warrior firmly seated on a moving horse.
- Byzantine Empire
- Once part of Rome, it carried on Roman culture. Its capital is Constantinople.
- Slavs
- Native Russians before the Vikings came.
- Longbow
- Weapon that ended the effectiveness of knights and won the Battle of Crecy.
- Urban II
- Pope who issued call for first Crusade.
- Fourth
- The ______ Crusade ended in the sacking of Constantinople rather than Jerusalem.
- Vassal
- Person who received land from lords under feudalism.
- Burghers
- Merchant-class town dwellers during the 1000s.
- Charlemagne
- Frankish ruler, son of Pepin the Short, who expanded Frankish rule and was crowned emperor by Leo III.
- Capetian Dynasty
- Line of rulers who held control of Paris and the surrounding region.
- Vikings
- Group of people who invaded Franks from north and contributed to Frankish collapse.
- Manor
- Lord's estate under feudalism.
- Battle of Tours
- The battle in which the Frankish Empire defeated the Muslims in Spain in 732.
- Philip II
- Capetian King who seized Normandy from King John and overall tripled the land owned by the Capetian Dynasty.
- Henry IV
- Emperor who was humiliated by the pope.
- Philip IV
- King of France who established the Estates-General and captured Pope Boniface VII.
- Lombard League
- Group of Italians who united against Frederick I to defeat him against all odds.
- Batu Khan
- Mongol leader who conquered the Russians.
- Canon law
- Church law in marriage and religious practices.
- Middle Ages
- 500-1500 in Europe
- Gothic
- The style of Church building prominent after 1100.
- Justinian
- He created a code for ruling the people of Constantinople, and built the Hagia Sophia.
- Reconquista
- The Spanish Crusade to kick all the Muslims off Spain.
- Lay investiture
- The process of kings and nobles appointing bishops and priests.
- Treaty of Verdun
- Document that officially divided Frankish Empire into three kingdoms.
- Jan Hus
- After Great Schism, he taught Bible had higher authority than pope, excommunicated and burned at stake.
- Common law
- Rulings of England's royal judges became unified into this body of law.
- Otto I
- Ruler of medieval Germany who formed a close alliance with the Church and invaded Italy on the Pope's behalf.
- Democracy
- The Estates-General and Parliament were the beginning of ____ in Europe.
- William the Conqueror
- Duke of Normandy who conquered England over Harold Godwinson.
- Kiev
- Russian state that grew under the Slavs and Vikings.
- John Wycliffe
- Preached that Jesus Christ not pope was head of Church after the Great Schism.
- Serfs
- Peasants bound to their lord's lands for life under feudalism.
- Estates-General
- Meeting involving the First Estate (Church leaders), Second Estate (great lords), and Third Estate (commoners) in France.
- Gregory I
- Pope who broadened power of pope to include political power.
- Chivalry
- Complex set of ideals that knights were expected to have.
- Simony
- The practice in which bishops sold positions in the Church.
- Tithe
- 10% income tax paid to Church for marriage.
- Latin
- The language that Spanish, French, and other Roman-based languages came from.
- England
- "land of the Angles"
- Franks
- Germanic tribe who held control of Gaul (France and Switzerland).
- Troubadours
- Traveling musicians who composed short verses and songs.
- Scholastics
- Schoolmen who debated issues of their time.
- Moscow
- The Russian city which allowed the Russians to break free of the Mongols.
- Yaroslav the Wise
- Russian leader who skillfully married off his daughters and sisters but unintelligently broke the empire between his sons.
- Theodora
- Justinian's wife.
- Monasteries
- Places where monks lived and gave their lives to God.
- Alexander Nevsky
- Russian leader who advised his fellow princes to cooperate with Mongols.
- Richard the Lion-Hearted
- Leader of the Christians in the Third Crusade and King of England.
- Second
- The ______ Crusade failed to conquer Edessa.
- Third
- The ______ Crusade ended in a truce between the Muslim leader and English leader.
- Vladimir
- Russian leader who converted to Orthodox Christianity.
- Fief
- Land granted by lords under feudalism.
- Carolingian Dynasty
- Frankish Dynasty begun by Pepin the Short.
- Saladin
- He lead the Muslims to conquer Jerusalem between the Second and Third Crusades and defended it during the Third Crusade.
- Feudalism
- System of land ownership in which peasants worked for lords who gave them protection.
- First
- The ______ Crusade resulted in the conquering of the holy land.
- Patriarch
- The title of the leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
- Great Schism
- Problem in the Church where they had three popes. This left the papacy greatly weakened.
- Thomas Aquinas
- He came up with logical arguments for basic religious truths.
- Holy Roman Empire
- German-Italian Empire formed after a German ruler invaded Italy under the Pope's orders.
- Clement V
- Pope who Philip IV brought in to power who moved from Rome to Avignon in France.
- Horses
- Farmers increased productivity by using _____ rather than oxen to plow fields.
- Gregory VII
- Pope who humiliated and excommunicated an emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
- John
- Bad English king who lost Normandy and was confronted by his nobles.
- Squire
- Aged 14-21 in training to be a knight, servant to knight.
- Secular
- Term that means worldly. (The Church expanded its role to ____ power involved in politics)
- Noblewomen
- In feudal society, they theoretically could own land and defend castles but in reality it never happened.
- Henry II
- This English leader got a piece of land known as Aquitaine for England.
- Tournament
- Combination of recreation and combat training for knights to fight each other.
- Magna Carta
- Document that guaranteed nobles in England basic rights.
- Vernacular
- A style of writing using the everyday language of their homeland instead of Latin.
- Concordat of Worms
- Agreement made by the Pope and Emperor over lay investiture, where Church could only appoint clergy but kings could veto.
- Peasant Women
- Performed endless labor and took care of families in feudal society.
- Three-field system
- System of leaving two fields planted and one fallow, greatly increased food productivity in Europe.
- Frederick I
- Ruler who caused the Italians to unite against him and beat him, after he died the Holy Roman Empire crumbled.
- Muslim
- Christian scholars obtained knowledge from _____ libraries in Spain.
- Inquisition
- The court of the Church used in Spain to suppress heretics.
- Hundred Years' War
- War launched by England's Edward III to claim the French throne, ended in French driving out English.
- Nika Rebellion
- Two fan groups in the Byzantine empire believed that the government had been to harsh in putting down a previous fight to start this rebellion.
- Page
- Aged 7-14 in training to be a knight, practiced fighting skills.
- Commercial Revolution
- Expansion of trade and commerce during the 1000s.
- Guild
- Organization of individuals in the same business or occupation working to improve the economic and social conditions of its members.