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Chapter 19 - An Era of Expansion and Reform

Terms

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the movement led by Britian to end the slave trade and eventually slavery throughout the world
abolition movement
the religious rivival that occurred in Britian in the late 1700s that emphasized the importance of moral conduct in their lives
evangelical movement
Protestants that did not belong to the Church of England
nonconformists
the law passed by Parliament the prohibited children under the age of 9 to work in the factories or mines
Factory Act of 1819
the law passed by Parliament that limited the hours and uses of women and children in factories and mines
Factory Act of 1833
the law passed by Parliament that prohibited women and children from working in mines and factories all together
Factory Act of 1842
a British socialist factory owner that argued in Parliament for laws limiting the use of children in factories
Robert Owen
the movement that changed the way people thought that paved the way for the abolition movement
Enlightenment
a representative assembly in England that consisted of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. They were often the ones who created laws.
Parliament
the branch of Parliament that is not elected by the people
House of Lords
the branch of Parliamnet that is elected by the people
House of Commons
a law that gave industrial cities representation and it gave middle-class men the right to vote
Reform Bill of 1832
the man who drew up a reform plan in response to the Reform Bill of 1832 called the People's Charter
William Lovett
a reform plan by William Lovett that called for universal manhood suffrage and equal electoral districts to create equal representation
People's Charter
people who followed Lovett's ideas about equal representation in governmnet
Chartists
the law that gave industrial cities representation in Parliament for the first time
Reform Bill of 1832
the law that forced able-bodied poor people to work in workhouses, ending a system of financial aid to supplement low wages. It provided education for poor children and care for the sick and elderly.
Poor Law of 1834
the leader of the Conservatives
Benjamin Disraeli
the leader of the Liberals
William Gladstone
a man who supported the women's sufferage movement
John Stuart Mill
a leader of the women's sufferage movement that created the WSPU (Women's Social and Political Union)
Emmeline Pankhurst
the man who suggested the idea of installing efficient draining systems, modern sewers, and regular garbage collection
Sir Edwin Chadwick
the belief in the People's Charter (equal representation in government)
Chartism
laws that kept the price of corn high by limiting the importation of cheap foreign grains
Corn Laws
the movement that called for the repeal of the Corn Laws
Anti-Corn Law League
the political party that wanted to preserve tradition while slowly accepting modern reforms. They made a reform giving votes to most male heads of households
Conservatives
the struggle for women to be allowed to vote
women's sufferage
the union created by Emmeline Pankhurst that protested in order to recieve the right to vote
Women's Social and Political Union
the term used for women who fought for the women's right to vote
suffragette
places where the working-class and the middle-class could go together to interact in hopes that the working-class would absorb the middle-class' values and escape their poverty
settlement houses
an accurate timekeeping instrument that helped sailors pinpoint their exact position on the globe
chronometer
an explorer who introduced the islands Hawaii and Tahiti
Captain James Cook
the first Dutch explorer who made Europeans aware of Australia and New Zealand
Abel Tasman
a government where the officials were fully responsible to the colonial voters
responsible government
the person that the British sent to Canada to be the governor-general
Lord Durham
a loose union
confederation
loyalty to a particular part of a country
sectionalism
a self-governing colony
dominion
the original inhabitants of Australia
Aborigines
the act that made Canada Britian's first dominion
British North American Act (1867)
this did not let the Asians participate in democracy
"White Australia" policy
the natives of New Zealand
Maori
the law passed by Congress that only allowed slavery in southern territoies
Missouri Compromise
a group of prominent abolitionists formed in 1833
American Anti-Slavery Society
when the United States expanded beyond the Mississippi River. This led to the question of whether or not slavery would be allowed here.
Louisiana Purchase
a group of people who came to America for religious freedom and protested the institution of slavery
Quakers
the law issued by President Lincoln in January 1863 freeing all of the slaves
Emancipation Proclamation
the period of rebuilding in the South following the Civil War
Reconstruction
laws passed by many southern states that were designed to enforce racial segregation
Jim Crow laws
A member of the American Anti-Slavery Society who was a fugitive slave whose powerful words inspired many to join the cause
Frederick Douglass
A member of the American Anti- Slavery Society that was a journalist
William Lloyd Garrison
A member of the American Anti- Slavery Society who was a former slave who campaigned both for abolition and for women's rights
Sojourner Truth
the president who issued the Emancipation Proclamation
Abraham Lincoln
the first women's rights convention in the United States that drew up the Declaration of Sentiments (a document about women's right on political issues)
Seneca Falls Convention
the second convention in the United States where a little boy snuck in who became the governor of virginia
Salem, Ohio Convention
a group of women led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony who tried to get the right to vote for women peacefully
National American Woman Suffrage Association
a group of women led by Alice Paul who worked to get the women's right to vote with protests, picketing, and hunger strikes
National Women's Party
the amendment to the constitution that gave women the right to vote in 1920
19th Amendment
the immigrants coming from the countries of the British Isles, Germany, and the Scandinavian countries (before 1880s)
"old immagrants"
the immigrants coming from the countries of Italy, Russia, and Austria-Hungary
"new immigrants"
schools funded by the government
public schools
schools paid for by the students
private schools
the women who organized the first women's rights convention in the United States
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
the leaders of the National American Women Suffrage Association
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
the leader of the National Women's Party
Alice Paul
places where the poor could go to recieve day care, emplyment assistance, and adult education. One of the first was called Hull House
settlement houses
the Democratic party machine in New York City
Tammany Hall
this allowed voters to select their party's candidate for election
direct primary
this let voters cast their ballots without pressure from political machines
secret ballot
an election reform that allows voters to introduce legislation
initiative
an election reform that compels the legislature to vote on an initiative
referendum
an election reform that allows voters to remove an elected official from office by calling for a new election
recall
the world's richest man at that time
Andrew Carneigie
a cartoonist for Harper's Weekly
Thomas Nast
the man targeted by Thomas Nast in political cartoons
Boss Tweed
the law that discouraged Asians from immigrating to Australia by requiring them to pass a test in the knowledge of the European language
Immigration Restriction Law of 1901
a law passed by Congress that prohibited companies from creating monopolies to gain control over entire industries
Sherman Antitrust Act
the company that had a tragic fire where many lives were lost. This company was what triggered safety regulations in New York.
Triangle Shirtwaist Company
groups of workers that join together in an organization
labor unions
the group of workers that embraced socialism and used tactics like strikes, boycotts, and industrial sabotage.
Industrial Workers of the World
the document that allowed all free men, including mlattoes, the right to vote
Declaration of the Rights of Man
people born in Europe
peninsulares
Europeans born in the colonies
creoles
people of mixed American Indian and European ancestry
mestizos
people of African and Spanish ancestry
mulattoes
a very large plantation
haciendas
the method that provided for the appointment of peninsulares as governors that would be loyal to the king
intendancy system
the document created by the president James Monroe that stated that the United States would not tolerate European military intervention in the Western Hemisphere
Monroe Doctrine

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