7th Grade World Cultures Final
Terms
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Culture
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- Values
- Traditions
- Habits
- Skills
Of a people
- Monotheism
- Belief in one god
- Polytheism
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Belief in many gods
- Technology
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is the tools and skills to use them
- Nomads
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people who move from place to place in search of food.
- Monarchy
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Type of government ruled by a king or queen.
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Monotheistic religions
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Islam, Judaism and Christianity
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Islam's founder
- Muhammad
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A government where people vote for the leaders
- Republic or Democracy
- Dictator
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Has complete control over the government, army and citizens.
- Four Types of Ancient Architecture
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- Doric
- Ionic
- Gothic
- Corinthian
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Developed a process called smelting to make iron weapons.
- Hittites
- Immortals
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Best fighters in the Persian army because their numbers never fell below 10,000.
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Strongest Persian king
- Darius
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Famous Persian religious leader
- Zoroaster
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Fertile Crescent
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Area from the Nile River Valley to the Tigris and Euphrates River Valley.
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Great Mesopotamian traders.
- Phoenicians
- Developed the first written Code of Laws
- Hammurabi
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Replaced bronze as the most important metal.
- Iron
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First monotheistic culture
- Jews
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First group to develop a civilization in Mesopotamia
- Sumerians
- Other ancient civilizations that developed
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Indus and Huang He River Valley
- Ziggurat
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Sumerian temple and center of each city-state.
- Cuneiform
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Sumerian writing system
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Rules Sumerian city-states
- Priest-kings
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Created the world's first empire in Mesopotamia
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Sargon I
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Sumerian contributions to modern society
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- The wheel
- The plow
- The sailboat
- 12 month calendar
- Number system based on 60
- Water clock
- Dynasty
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Series of rulers from the same family
- Tomb for a pharaoh
- Pyramid
- Hieroglyphics
- Ancient Egyptian writing system
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Most important person in Egyptian society
- Pharaoh
- Who united Lower and Upper Egypt in 3100 B.C.?
- Menes
- Key to translating hieroglyphics
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Rosetta Stone
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The Gift of the Nile
- Egypt
- Where are the Pyramids and Sphinx located
- Giza
- Shadoof
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Used for irrigation in ancient Egypt
- God of the Underworld in Ancient Egypt
- Osiris
- Osiris's wife
- Isis
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Egyptian River God
- Hopi
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Amen Re
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Egyptian sun god
- Done to preserve bodies
- Embalming
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Invaded and took over Egypt
- Hyksos
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First female ruler of Egypt
- Hatshepsut
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Changed the religion of Egypt with his wife Nefertiti
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Amenhotep IV
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Egyptian contributions to modern societ
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- Papyrus
- Number system based on 10
- Fractions
- Geometry
- Medical specialists
- Sewing cuts
- Setting broken bones
- Treating diseases with natural remedies
- What body of water did the Greek civilization start?
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Aegean Sea
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First Bronze age civilization
- Minoans
- Polis
- City-State
- Aristocracy
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Government ruled by a small group of upper class nobles.
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Who spread Hellenistic Culture throughout the world?
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Alexander the Great
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Strongest army in Greece
- Sparta
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Famous Persian War Battles
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- Marathon
- Salamis
- Thermopylae
- Platea
- Greek city-states never united because...?
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Mountainous country
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3 Greek Philosophers
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- Socrates
- Plato
- Aristotle
- Who lived on the island of Crete?
- Minoans
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Who participated in the sport of bull leaping?
- Minoans
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What myth explained the fall of the Minoan culture?
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Theseus and Minotaur
- What did the Mycenaeans trade in the Mediterranean area?
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Olive oil
- Who fought in the Trojan War?
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The Greeks and the Trojans
- Odysseus
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Greek hero of the Trojan war.
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Famous Greek poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey
- Homer
- Agora
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Open air market of the Greeks
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Created the world's first constitution and democracy
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The Greeks
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Contributions of the Greeks to modern society
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- Olympics
- Tragedy writing
- Theater
- Scientific method
- Medicine
- Famous writers of tragedies
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- Sophocles
- Euripides
- Aeschylus
- Aristophanes
- Wrote comedies
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Famous Greek mathematicians
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- Pythagoras
- Archimedes
- Euclid
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Father of Medicine
- Hippocrates
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Father of History
- Herodotus
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Developed the new fighting formation called a phlanx
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Phillip of Macedonia
- Conquered territory as far east as India
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Alexander the Great
- Early settlers of Italy
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- Etruscans
- Latins
- Greeks
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Rome was founded on what river?
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Tiber River
- The Twelve Tables
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Rome's first laws
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Punic Wars
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Three wars of Carthage vs Rome
- Hannibal
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General from Carthage who crossed the Alps with elephants and an army.
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What gods did the Romans adopt as their own, but with different names?
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The Greek gods
- Causes of the Fall of Rome
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- Inflation
- Military corruption
- Lack of interest in politics
- Invasion by Germanic tribes and Huns
- Octavian (Caesar Augustus)
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First Roman emperor
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Who discovered concrete?
- The Romans
- The poet Virgil
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Wrote The Aeneid
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The Apostle Paul
- Did the most to spread the message of Jesus
- Germanic tribes overran the Roman Empire and ...
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caused its fall.
- Capital of the Eastern Roman Empire
- Constantinople
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Romulus and Remus
- Twin brothers who fought to rule Rome
- Aqueducts
- Used to bring fresh water to Rome from the mountains.
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Lower class Roman citizens
- Plebians
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Arena used for gladiator fights
- The Colosseum
- Patricians
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Upper class Roman citizens
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Who ruled with Octavian?
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Marc Antony
- Who was involved politically and romantically with Cleopatra?
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Marc Antony
- Orator
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A public speaker
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The language of Rome
- Latin
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Et tu Brute
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You too Brutus
Caesar's quote during his assination
- The year the Roman Empire ended
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476 AD
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Pax Romana
- The "Peace of Rome" that lasted 200 years
- Romanesque
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Style of architecture that uses the rounded arch developed by the Romans
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Protected the rights of plebieans in the Roman Senate
- Tribunes
- Legions
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Divisions of the Roman army.
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Lived in Modern day France
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The Franks
- Who was the strongest force in the Middle Ages?
- The Catholic Church
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Who ruled the strongest empire in 800 AD?
- Charlemagne
- Feudal System
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Based on control of the land.
- Won control of England in the Battle of Hastings
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William of Normandy
- First King of France
- Clovis
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Why were the Crusades fought?
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To win the Holy Land from the Muslims
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Castles were built for
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- Protection
- Safety
- Strength of the Nobles
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Knight's title
- Sir
- Who gave a vassal his land?
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The lord
- Feudalism
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Political system in the Middle Ages
- Who crowned Charlemagne the Holy Roman Emperor?
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The Pope
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Who was the most powerful person in Europe during the Middle Ages
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The Pope
- Tithe
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10% donation to the church
- Architecture that represens a pointed arch
- Gothic
- Defeated the Muslims in the Battle of the Tours
- Charles the Hammer
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What did Charlemagne stress in his empire?
- Education
- Page
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Knights in Training
- Squire
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Knights in Training
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The most popular event in a tournament?
- Joust
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Where did knights train/
- Tournaments
- Manors
- Middle age farming communities
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Lowest class of people that were tied to the land
- Serfs
- Two well known order of Monks in the Middle Ages
- Franciscans and Dominicans
- Crusades contributions
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- Increase in trade
- End of feudalism
- Increased learning
- Increased trade routes
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Renaissance last in Europe through what years?
- 1300-1600
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Humanist scholars belieed in
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The potential of man to achieve.
- When was the Christian church reformed?
- during the Reformation
- Who questioned the Catholic doctrine in Germany
- Martin Luther
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What was Luther's doctrine based on ?
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Belief in the Bible alone
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Who founded the Church of England
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Henry VIII
- Who defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588?
- England
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Where did the Renaissance start?
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Northern Italy
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Who was the most powerful family in Florence during the Renaissance?
- Medici
- Michelangelo
- Painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling
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Christopher Columbus discovered ? in 1492?
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Bahamas for Spain
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Johann Gutenbert
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Invented the printing press.
- Most famous English playwright
- William Shakespeare
- What killed 1/3 of the population in Europe?
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Black Plague
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Formed guilds to ensure fair treatent
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- Merchants
- Artisans
- Workers
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Order of training of workers in the Renaissance
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- Master Craftsman
- Apprentices
- Journemen
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Magna Carta
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Took away some power of the English king and gave more power to the nobles.
Signed by King John of Runnymede
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Joan of Arc
- Helped France defeat England in the 100 Year War.
- Greatest thinker of the Renaissance
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Leonardo Da Vinci
- Painted the Mona Lisa, Last Supper
- Leonardo Da Vinci
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Michelangelo Buonarroti
- Painted the Sistine Chapel and sculpted the Pieta
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Who wrote the Gargantua and Pantagruel
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French Monk - Rabelais
- Miguel de Cervantes
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Wrote Don Quixote
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El Greco
- Famous Spanish painter during the Renaissance
- Who led England to victory over Spain?
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Queen Elizabeth I.
- Who formed the Lutheran church?
- Martin Luther
- Who started a church in Geneva, Swiz.
- John Calvin
- First European to sail southern Africa?
- Bartholomew
- Who completd one of the first trips to Asia by means for the oldd
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Vasco da Gama