global depression
Terms
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- munich conference
- The Munich Agreement (Mnichovská dohoda; Mníchovská dohoda; Münchner Abkommen) was an agreement regarding the Sudetenland Crisis among the major powers of Europe after a conference held in Munich, Germany in 1938 and signed in the early hours of September 30. The purpose of the conference was to discuss the future of Czechoslovakia in the face of territorial demands made by German dictator Adolf Hitler. The agreement, signed by Germany, France, Britain, and Italy permitted German annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland. The Sudetenland was of immense strategic importance to Czechoslovakia, as most of its border defences were situated there.
- weimar republic
- the German republic (1919-33), founded at Weimar.
- surrealism
- a style of art and literature developed principally in the 20th century, stressing the subconscious or nonrational significance of imagery arrived at by automatism or the exploitation of chance effects, unexpected juxtapositions, etc.
- adolf hitler
- 1889-1945, Nazi dictator of Germany, born in Austria: Chancellor 1933-45; dictator 1934-45.
- apeasement
- to bring to a state of peace, quiet, ease, calm, or contentment; pacify; soothe: to appease an angry king.
- franklin d roosevelt
- often referred to by his initials FDR, was the thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945, and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms of office. He was a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war.
- great depression
- the economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s.
- anti-semitism
- discrimination against or prejudice or hostility toward Jews.
- benito mussolini
- 1883-1945, Italian Fascist leader: premier of Italy 1922-43.
- existentialism
- a philosophical attitude associated esp. with Heidegger, Jaspers, Marcel, and Sartre, and opposed to rationalism and empiricism, that stresses the individual's unique position as a self-determining agent responsible for the authenticity of his or her choices.
- haile selassie
- 1891-1975, emperor of Ethiopia 1930-74: in exile 1936-41.
- new deal
- the principles of the progressive wing of the Democratic party, esp. those advocated under the leadership of President Franklin D. Roosevelt for economic recovery and social reforms.
- welfare
- financial or other assistance to an individual or family from a city, state, or national government: Thousands of jobless people in this city would starve if it weren't for welfare.
- axis powers
- a group of countries that opposed the Allied powers in World War II, including Germany, Italy, and Japan as well as Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, and Yugoslavia
- harlem renaissance
- a renewal and flourishing of black literary and musical culture during the years after World War I in the Harlem section of New York City.
- albert einstien
- 1879-1955, German physicist, U.S. citizen from 1940: formulator of the theory of relativity; Nobel prize 1921.
- isolationism
- the policy or doctrine of isolating one's country from the affairs of other nations by declining to enter into alliances, foreign economic commitments, international agreements, etc., seeking to devote the entire efforts of one's country to its own advancement and remain at peace by avoiding foreign entanglements and responsibilities.
- jazz
- music originating in New Orleans around the beginning of the 20th century and subsequently developing through various increasingly complex styles, generally marked by intricate, propulsive rhythms, polyphonic ensemble playing, improvisatory, virtuosic solos, melodic freedom, and a harmonic idiom ranging from simple diatonicism through chromaticism to atonality.
- theory of relativity
- The theory of relativity, or simply relativity, refers specifically to two theories of Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity. However, "relativity" can also refer to Galilean relativity.
- charles lindbergh
- United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)
- coalition government
- a governing body formed by multiple parties who must compromise on principles
- mein kampf
- the autobiography (1925-27) of Adolf Hitler, setting forth his political philosophy and his plan for German conquest.
- fascism
- a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism.
- francisco franco
- 1892-1975, Spanish military leader and dictator: chief of state 1939-47; regent of the kingdom of Spain 1947-75
- sigmund freud
- British psychoanalyst, born in Austria (daughter of Sigmund Freud).
- nazism
- the principles or methods of the Nazis.
- third reich
- Germany during the Nazi regime 1933-45.