Science Mid-Term
Terms
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- breaker
- collapsing ocean wave that forms in shallow water and breaks onto the shore
- hypothesis
- an educated guess
- proton
- positively charged particle that is located in the nucleus of an atom
- wavelength
- the length of a wave
- isotope
- atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons
- cleavage
- physical property of some minerals that causes them to break along smooth, flat surfaces
- crevasse
- a crack in a levee or dike
- ore
- deposit in which a mineral exists in large enough amounts ot be mined at a profit
- electron
- negatively charged particles that move around the nucleus of an atom and form and electron cloud
- bias
- personal opinion
- atom
- tiny building blocks of matter, made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons
- compaction
- process that forms sedimentary rocks when layers of small sediments are compressed by the weight of the layers above them
- wave
- rhythmic movement that carries energy through matter or space; can be described by its crest, trough, wave-length, and wave height
- scientific method
- problem-solving procedures that can include identifying the problem or question, gathering information, developing a hypothesis, analyzing the results, and drawing conclusions
- ion
- electrically charged atom whose charge results from an atom losingor gaining electrons
- subsidence
- the sinking of land resulting from natural shifts or human activity
- lava
- thick, gooey, molten rock material flowing from volcanoes onto Earth's surface
- basaltic
- dense, dark-colored igneous rock formed from magma; rich in magnesium and iron and poor in silica
- granitic
- light-colored, silica-rich igneous rock that is less dense than basaltic rock
- mineral
- naturally occurring inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition and an orderly internal atomic structure
- erosion
- process in which surface materials are worn away and transported from one place to another by agents such as gravity, water, wind, and glaciers
- fracture
- physical property of some minerals that causes them to break with uneven, rough, or jagged surfaces
- neutron
- particle without an electric charge
- gem
- beautiful, rare, highly prized mineral that can be worn in jewelry
- trough
- lowest point of a wave
- nekton
- marine organisms that actively swim in the ocean
- ethics
- study of moral values about what is good or bad
- cementation
- sedimantary rock-forming process in which large sediments are held together by natural cements that are produced when water soaks through rock and soil
- plankton
- marine plants and animals that drift in ocean currents
- crest
- highest point of a wave
- weathering
- mechanical or chemical processes that break rocks into smaller and smaller pieces
- chemosynthesis
- food-making process using sulfur or nitrogen compounds, rather than light energy from the Sun, that is used by bacteria living inear thermal vents
- matter
- anything that has mass and takes up space; matter's properties are determined by the structure of its atoms and how they are joined
- intrusive
- a type of igneous rok that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth's crust
- salinity
- a measure of the amount of salts dissolved in sea water
- extrusive
- fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth's surface
- Bald Cypress
- a deciduous coniferous tree, often found in swamps or near water, yields a hard timber
- photosynthesis
- food-making process using light energy from the Sun, carbon dioxide and water
- wave height
- the height of a wave
- estuary
- area where a river meets the ocean that contains a mixture of freshwater and ocean water and provides and important habitat to many marine organisms
- benthos
- marine plants and animals that live on or in the ocean floor
- BTNEP
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- magma
- hot, melted rock material beneath Earth's surface
- diaphaneity
- the ability of a mineral to let light pass through it
- rock cycle
- model that describes how rocks slowly change from one form to another through time