Articulations 2
Terms
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- Three types of functional joints
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Synarthrotic
Amphiarotic
Diarthrotic - Synarthrotic
- Immobile (dense regular fibrous)
- Amphiarthrotic
- Somewhat moveable (mostly cartliage)
- Diarthrotic
- Fully moveable (synovial)
- Three types of joint structures
-
Fibrous
Cartlaginous
Synovial - What kind of structure is a fibrous joint
- It is synarthrotic - immobile
- What kind of structure is a Cartilaginous joint
- It is Amphiarthrotic - somewhat moveable
- What kind of structure is a Synovial joint
- It is Diarthrotic - fully moveable
- Fibrous Joint
- Collagen fibers emerge from the matrix of one bone and penetrate into the matrix of another.
- List the three types of Fibrous Joints
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Sutures
Syndesmosees
Gomphoses - Sutures
- binds the bones of the skull, stitched together, they are not moveable - fibrous
- Syndesmosees
- tied or wrapped joint. Joints at which two bones are bound by a ligament only - fibrous
- Gomphoses
- the attachment of a tooth to a socket in the madible or maxilla. - fibrous
- Synchondroses
- held together by hyaline cartilage.. ie, attachment of rib to sternum - cartilaginous
- Symphyses
- held together by fibrocartilage.. ie, pubic symphysis - cartilaginous
- Synovial Joint
- a joint in which 2 bones are separated by a space that contains a slippery lubricant called synovial fluid
- Structure of a synovial joint
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articular cartilage
joint cavity
articular capsule
synovial membrane
synovial fluid
fibrous membrane
tendon sheath
meniscus
bursa - Synovial Fluid
- rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid, gives a slippery texture. It nourises the articular cartilage and removes their waste, it contains phagocytes that clean up the tissue debris
- Tendons
- attach muscle to bone
- Ligaments
- attach bones to bones
- Bursa, meniscus
- fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid, distribute shock over surface, absorbs impact
- Types of Motion
-
plane/gliding
hing
pivot
ellipsoid or condyloid
saddle
ball and socket - Abduction
- movement of a body part away from the midsaggital line
- Adduction
- movement toward the midsaggital line (returns body to anatomical position)
- Flexion
- decreases the angle of a joint
- Extension
- straightens a joint and generally returns body to anatomical position
- Hyperextension
- extension of a joint beyond 180 degrees
- Medial Rotation
- movement toward the midline
- Lateral Rotation
- sideways movement to the right or left
- Circumduction Rotation
- movement in which one end of an appendage remains stationary while the other end makes a circular motion
- Pronation
- forearm or foot, faces downward
- Supination
- forearm or foot, faces upward
- Inversion
- unique to the feet, soles are turned medially
- Eversion
- unique to the feet, soles are turned laterally
- Protraction
- movement of a bone anteriorly (forward) on a horizontal plane
- Elevation
- movement that raises a bone vertically
- Depression
- movement that lowers a bone
- Oppostition
- movement of a thumb to approcach or touch fingertips
- Elbow (describe joint)
-
Hinge joint, 2 articulations (1 humeroulnar joint and 1 humeroradial joint)
Annular ligament, encircles the head of the radius and attaches at each end to the Ulna.
Radial and Ulnar co-lateral ligaments, restrict side to side movements of the elbow. - Shoulder (describe joint)
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AKA Humeroscapular or Glenohumeral Joint**
Most freely moveable joint of the body and the most injured.
Coracoacromian ligament - coracoid process of scapula to the acromian process of the scapula.
Coracohumeral Ligament - coracoid process of the scapula to the greater tuburcle of the humerus -
Hip (coxal joint)
(describe joint) -
Head of femur inserts into the acetabulum of the os coxae.
Ligamentum teres - weak ligament but has an artery that supplie blood to the femur.
From the fovea capitis of femur and attaches to the acetabulum.
illiofemoral, ischiofemoral and pubicfemoral ligaments support the coxal joint. - Knee (describe joint)
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Tibiofemoral joint**
Hinge joint
lateral and medial menisci
fibular and tibial co-lateral joints
anterior and postier cruciate ligaments
patellar ligament/quadriceps tendon -
R
I
C
E -
Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate - Joint Injuries
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Cartilage injuries are slow to heal
Sprains/subluxations - torn ligaments or tendons, sometimes with damage to the meniscus or other cartilages
Dislocations/luxations - displacement of a bone from its normal position at a joint - Bursitis/Tendonit
- inflamation
- Arthritis
- inflamation of the joint
- Osteoarthritis
- most common with old age, symtoms go away after things are warmed up. Treated with aspirin
- Gouty Arthritis
- uric acid crystals, heredity, common in men, defect in protein metabolism
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- common in young women, autoimmune disease, WBC attach cartilage, for pain need to reduce mast cells to give ibuprofen