Comm 102 Final
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- disintermediation
- the process of delivering a product or service directly to the consumer
- feedback
- the responses of the reciever that shape and alter subsequent messages from the source
- gatekeepers
- individuals who decide whether a given message will be distributed by a mass medium
- interpersonal communication
- a method of communication in which on person/group interacts with another person/group without the aid of a mechanical device
- machine-assisted interpersonal communication
- a method of communication involving one or more persons and a mechanical device(s) with one or more recievers
- mass communication
- the process by which a complex organization, with the aid of one or more machines, produces and transmits public messages that are directed at large, heterogenous, and scattered audiences
- beware surveillance
- a media function that occurs when the media inform the public of short-term, long-term, or chronic threats
- catharsis
- a release of pent-up emotion or energy
- critical/cultural approach
- analytical technique that examines power relationships in society and focuses on meanings people find in texts
- functional approach
- methodology that holds something is best understood by examining how it is used
- instrument surveillance
- a media function that occurs when the media transmit information that is useful and helpful in everyday life
- parasocial relationship
- a situation whereby audience members develop a sense of friendship or kinship with media personalities
- social utility
- the media function that addresses an individual's need to affiliate with family, friends, and others in society
- status conferral
- a process by which media attention bestows a degree of prominence on certain issues or individuals
- surveillance
- the news and information function of the mass media
- penny press
- the mass-appeal press of the early 19th century
- public journalism
- the philosophy that newspapers should try to solve civic problems as well as report the news
- subsidiary rights
- rights given by a publisher to others, allowing them to reproduce certain content
- Communications Act of 1934
- Act of Congress creating the FCC
- FCC
- a regulatory agency, composed of 5 individuals appointed by the president, whose responsibilites include broadcast and wire regulation
- payola
- bribes of gifts and money paid to DJs by record companies in order to gain favorable airplay for their releases
- Prime-Time Access Rule
- Rule adopted in 1970 intended to extend program diversity by barring network programs from the 7:30-8:00 pm (EST) time slot
- Public Broadcasting Act of 1967
- Congressional act that established the Public Broadcasting Service
- tracking studies
- study that examines how ads perform during or after a campaign
- cease-and-desist order
- a FTC order notifying an advertiser that a certain practice violates the law; failure to comply with order can result in fines being levied against the advertiser
- consent order
- FTC in which the advertiser agrees to halt a certain advertising practice without admitting any violation of the law
- defamation
- the act of harming the reputation of another by publishing false information
- Equal Opportunites Rule
- Part of the Communications act of 1934; Section 315 allows bona fide candidates for public office to gain access to broadcast medium during political campaigns
- Fairness Doctrine
- Now defunct FCC doctrine that require broadcast stations to provide various points of view on a controversial issue
- Hicklin rule
- long-standing obscenity standard based upon whether a book or other item contains isolated passages that might deprave or corrupt the mind of the most susceptible person
- libel
- written defamation that tends to injure a person's reputation or good name or that diminishes the esteem, respect, or goodwill due a person
- libel per quod
- written material that becomes libelous under certain circumstances
- libel per se
- falsely written accusations (such as labeling a person a "thief" or a "swindler") that automatically constitute libel
- prior restraint
- an attempt by the government to censor the press by restraining it from publishing or broadcasting material
- shield laws
- legislation that defines the rights of a reporter to protect sources
- slander
- spoken defamation
- Telecommunications Act of 1996
-
Major revision of US communication laws that affected broadcasting, cable, and telephone industries:
-removed limits on number of radio stations owned by one person/organization
-removed limits on number of TV stations own if less than 35% of market
-extended broadcast license to 8 years
-allowed TV/telephone to enter telephone/TV business
-deregulated TV rates
-ordered creation of a V-Chip and a rating system - environmental noise
- sources of noise external to the communication process but that still interfere
- mechanical noise
- when there's a problem with a machine being used to assist communication
- semantic noise
- occurs when different people have different meanings for different words or phrases
- acculturation
- in a media context, the tendency of reporters or other media professionals to adopt the ideas and attitudes of the groups they cover or with which they have a great deal of contact
- social responsibility theory
- belief that the press has a responsibility to preserve democracy by properly informing the public and by responding to society's needs
- agenda building
- the ways media decide what is newsworthy
- agenda-setting effect
- influence of the mass media created by emphasizing certain topics, thus causing people to perceive those same issues as important
- cultivation analysis
- area of research that examines whether television and other media encourage perceptions of reality that are more consistent with media portrayals than with actuality
- resonance
- in cultivation analysis, the situation in which a respondent's life experiences are reinforced by what is seen on TV, thus reinforcing the effect of TV content
- stimulation theory
- theory that suggests viewing violence will actually stimulate an individual to behave more violently