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1st quarter 7th grade Middle East Exam

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What agricultural improvement did ancient Mesopotamian civilization make?
Farmers used irrigation systems to water crops and control flooding.
What was the result of the treaty signed in 1995 by Isreali Prime Minister Rabin and Palestinian leader Arafat?
Arab populated areas of Isreal came under Palestinian (Arab) control.
What three major religions have their origins in the Middle East?
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
What are the "Five Pillars" of Islam?
1. There is one God
2. Prayer
3. Charity
4. Fasting
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca
What are the 3 primary causes for continued conflict in the Middle East today?
1. Religious differences
2. Control of oil production
3. Terrorist activities by Muslim fundamentalists.
What do the developments of early civilizations in Mespotamia, Egypt, and China have in common?
They are located along major rivers.
The Bible, the Quran, and the Torah are used as ...
Guides for moral conduct
What was the Holocaust?
The Holocaust was the systematic extermination of six million Jews during World War II.
What is the world's largest desert?
the Sahara Desert
What was an effect of the Crusades?
Trade increased between Europe and Asia when soldiers returned to Europe with the valuables from the Middle East and Asia.
What was the goal of the Crusades that took place between 950 A.D. and 1200 A.D.?
to liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims
What are the Ten Commandments?
A set of guidelines for moral and ethical behavior.
Oil tankers traveling from Iran on the Persian Gulf to South Africa must cross which body of water?
The Indian Ocean
Which group of people ruled most of the Middle East at the beginning of the twentieth century?
the Turks
Name two countries that border the Red Sea.
Egypt and Saudi Arabia
What was an important result of the migration of the Ottoman peoples from central Asia?
They established a Muslim Empire in Turkey.
What is the world's longest river?
the Nile River
Ancient Sumer in Mesopotamia was characterized by what three things?
1. Walled cities with large markets
2. cuneiform writing
3. Ziggurat temples
Which Middle Eastern country is closest to both Russia and Europe?
Turkey
Who was the ruler who developed one of civilization's oldest codes of laws?
Hammurabi
What do most Iranians, Turks, and Egyptians have in common?
the Islamic religion
What was an accomplishment of Alexander the Great in the fourth century B.C.?
He spread Greek culture throughout the Middle East and North Africa.
Which country is bordered on the north by the Black Sea and on the southwest by the Mediterranean Sea?
Turkey
Saddam Hussein has been a key leader in what three pro-Arab movements in the Middle East?
1. Supporting Arab opposition to the state of Israel.
2. Leading Islamic fundamentalism in Arab countries.
3. Opposing American influence in the Middle East.
How is the population of the Middle East changing?
Cities are becoming overcrowded because people are leaving rural areas to live in them.
Where is the Suez Canal?
The Suez Canal connects the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by the countries of Egypt and Jordan.
Which countries border Kuwait?
Iraq and Saudi Arabia
Where is the Sahara Desert?
northern Africa
Which country was created to be a homeland for Jewish people after World War II?
Isreal
A person born in 1787 and died in 1863. In which two centuries did he live?
Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
Which river does Isreal use as a source of water for irrigation?
Jordan River
Which desert is located within the Middle East?
the Sahara
Which Middle Eastern city is considered holy to Jews, Muslims, and Christians?
Jerusalem
Which Middle Eastern country received millions of immigrants during the 20th century?
Isreal
How does Isreal's location on the Mediterranean Sea affect it?
It has allowed Isreal's people to migrate to Isreal easily.
Why has the Middle East been so important to Europe, Asia, and Africa?
It physically links the three continents together.
What is a dynasty?
a line of rulers from a single family.
Who is considered the last great Prophet of the Islamic faith?
Muhammed
What was the purpose of OPEC?
Influence the world's oil prices and production
Which civilization developed papyrus paper for writing?
Egypt
Arab "Jihads" and Christian "Crusades" are considered what kinds of wars?
Holy wars
Isreal and Palestine today share which common goal?
To be independent countries with permanent borders in the Middle East.
Asia Minor and the Ottoman Empire are known today as which modern country?
Turkey
Why was the Suez Canal Crisis of 1956 an important event in the Middle East?
It helped end British and French control in the Middle East.
What are three reasons for the spread of the Islamic religion throughout the Middle East?
1. Arabs were great warriors.
2. Arabs controlled the great trade routes and centers within the Middle East.
3. Arabs were tired of the cruel treatment they received under Christian rulers.

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