Ethics Final
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What does a belief in god add to ethics?
- - God gives the rules - Rewards and punishment in this life and the afterlife
- Universality
- - Universal rules that everyone follows including ourselves
- Absolute Principals
- - Moral Absolute ⬢ Some action that is always wrong ⬢ Very few absolutes
- Two versions of the Divine command theory
- - Morality comes from god - He gives the rules and enforces - Mention Euthephro - (1) Dependant of god’s will. • EX: Jews can’t eat meat on holly day. - (2) Independent of god’s will. • EX: Murder is wrong no matter what
- Problems of Divine command theory
- - Atheists and agnostics - Interpretation within religion - Disagreement with everyone / who decides what is truly God’s command
- Moral Realism
- - There is a right and Wrong - Your personal opinion does not matter - Natural Law ⬢ Aquinus ⬢ Stoics ⬢ Hobbs
- Nihilism
- - There is no moral right or wrong - If you say its right or wrong you just like it or you don’t like it
- Relativism
- - Different cultures have different moral principals - Descriptive ⬢ Every culture has their own moral values ⬢ Wrong to judge - Prescriptive ⬢ Every culture has their own moral values ⬢ Sometimes those values are wrong (moral justice)
- Subjectivism
- - Morality is individually based - Everyone has their own moral values
- Psychological Egoism
- - People are selfish - They always act in their own self interest
- Moral Egoism
- - People shouldn’t always act in their own self interest
- Utilitarianism
- - Focuses on the consequences - Right if it increases the well being - Wrong if it decreases the well being
- Kan’t categorical imperative.
- - Act in such a way that your behavior could become a universal law - categorical =Applies in all situations | imperative= what you should due - like the golden rule
- Kant’s “Respect for people†concept?
- - Treat people as ends to themselves not means.
- Euthanasia –Different categories
- - Active - Passive - Voluntary - Non- Voluntary - in Voluntary
- War – Three basic positions 1
- I. Our side is right - Patriotic
- War – Three basic positions 2
- Pacifism - War is always immoral - Christian • Amish • Quaker • Some catholics - Hinduism • Ahisma – non volence • Ghandi
- War – Three basic positions 3
- Some wars are morally justified - Must have Even criteria for all sides
- Power and Ethics
- - Do we have the power to do it - Is it ethical - Mistakes: • If we can do it it’s ethical • If its ethical we will have the power to achieve - Part of being moral is at times taking the less powerful rout.
- Power 3 Personal power
- IV. Personal power 1. Freedom 2. Opportunity 3. When you give people power over you 4. Addictive power
- Power 2 Perceived Power (has an internal effect on you)
- III. Perceived Power (has an internal effect on you) 1. Fear 2. Respect 3. Authority 4. Moral Authority 5. Manipulative Power 6. Power to Withhold 7. Emotional Power
- Power 1 Power is morally neutral. II. Sources of real external power
- II. Sources of real external power 1. Physical power 2. Money Power 3. Legal Power 4. Police Power 5. Employer Power 6. Information Power 7. Bureaucratic Power
- Just War Theory Jus in bello (justice in war)
- - Proportionality - Discrimination
- Just War Theory Jus ad Bellum (justice in going to war)
- - Just cause - Competent Authority - Comparative justice - Right Intention - Last resort - Probability of success - Proportionality - Prior Innocence