U.S. History 8th
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- Why was bread such and important part of one's diet?
- because bread has fiber and we need fiber
- What is a pestle?
- a heavy club used to pound up grain
- Explain where the terms "uppercase" and "lower case" came from.
- the printer kept his type in a case. He stored capital letters in the upper portion and the smaller letters in the lower protion.
- What is a last?
- foot shaped block of wood whittled by hand in size S, M, L
- Whose job was it to tell the people the important news of the day?
- town crier
- In which state is Williamsburg located?
- Virginia
- how did the miller avoid fires started by the gears of a waterwheel?
- smeared animal fat on all moving parts of the gears
- what were early mills made from?
- wood
- what is a garrison?
- group of people who lived in a military fort
- what is an artisan?
- a skilled worker
- Explain what stilts are.
- long poles with a foot rest used to make you seem taller.
- what did a miller receive as payment for grinding mill?
- flour
- what are stockades?
- wooden walls made of upright poles
- what does grist mean?
- grain
- What is a slate?
- small blackboards
- how did the settlers keep meat and fish form going bad?
- dried
- where was food stored?
- cellar
- Why did parents want their children to be able to read?
- to read the bible and become better Christians
- blacksmith
- iron
- cooper
- barrels
- what is a colony?
- a territory inhabited by settlers who are governed by a distant country
- why was it important for each colonial family to have a dairy cow?
- milk and butter
- dyer
- dyes cloth
- milliner
- clothing and hats
- How long did boys usually serve as an apprentice?
- 4-7 yrs.
- describe a musket
- gun that could fire 1 shot at a time-long barrel
- how did most colonists pay for goods they bought?
- most left a note promising to pay later.
- List 5 foods commonly found at a feast
- bread, potatoes, turnips, chicken, fiddleheads
- How did George Washington die?
- blood letting
- Once a boy passed his apprenticeship, what did he become?
- Journeyman
- How did 1 become governor?
- appointed by king
- what are dependencies?
- out buildings, including smoke houses, servants quarters & necessaries
- What was the most popular parlor game in settlers times?
- Blind Man's Bluff
- What was the purpose of powdering a wig?
- to keep it neat and clean (absorbed oils from person's own hair)
- who was usually the richest man in the community?
- the miller
- what type of floor did the kitchen have?
- dirt
- How did the colonists wash their faces without indoor plumbing?
- With a pitcher of water & a wash bowl
- wheelwright
- new wagons
- What did people do with their silver coins?
- had them made into plates, spoons, candlesticks, etc.
- What was the militia?
- small army of soldiers that protected the people
- Why was eating lemons and limes important?
- to prevent scurvy
- Three common colonial punishments?
- branding w/a hot iron, hands or ears lopped off, stocks
- what was flour made from?
- wheat
- what is a quern, and what is it used for?
- made of 2 round flat stones on top of each other. used to crush grain
- what is kindling?
- small pieces of wood to start fires
- what is a mortar?
- a deep bowl used to smash up grain
- what were batmen?
- personal servants to the officers
- what activities did soldiers participate in during their spare time?
- told stories, drank whiskey or beer, read, gambled
- What is an apprentice?
- a bot who left parents house to live with craftspeople who taught them a trade.
- What craftsmen handled funeral arrangements?
- cabinet maker
- what is wattle and daub?
- woven branches covered w/ hard mud
- What is a "gaol"?
- jail
- How was food at the general store stored?
- in containers such as sacks and barrels
- cabinetmaker
- furniture-coffins-clock cases
- What were colonial mattresses made form?
- straw
- What does a gristmill grind?
- grain(flour)
- What did the europeans use as fortifications?
- walled cities, castles
- what were the miller's worst enemies?
- mice, rats, ground hogs, weevils, moths, beetles, and mites
- What material was colonial paper made from?
- linen
- List 3 fabrics used to make colonial clothing.
- wool, linen, cotton
- What is a gadget?
- a clever device that performs a small job
- What were tools and gadgets made out of in the past?
- natural materials such as wood,leather,bone.and metals
- What was a masterpiece?
- the finished object that an apprentice was required to produce at the end of his or her term.
- how was the gristmill powered?
- water.
- hooper
- metal bonds for barrels
- chandler
- candles
- cutler
- knives
- where were gristmills usually built?
- by a shallow river or waterfall (an forest)
- who was responsible for the fort?
- commanding officer
- what was the one toy a child could play with on sunday?
- Noah's Ark
- What famous college was located in Williamsburg?
- the College of William and Mary.
- what were breeches?
- mens pants-reached just below knees-had buttons
- why didn't colonists have garbage cans?
- they threw very little away (food scraps to animals,fat used for soap and candles)
- what is a sewing sampler?
- a sample of a girls skill in sewing
- How did craftspeople learn their trades?
- working as apprentices
- silversmith
- silver
- What were indentured servants?
- people who agreed to work as servants in exchange for their passage by ship.
- what is a hornbook
- a wooden paddle to which a piece of paper was attached-included alphabet, numbers, prayer
- How was colonial food cooked?
- kitchen fire place
- What was an outdoor toilet called?
- Necessary
- what was the most common type of fort?
- military fort
- what were plates in the colonies made of?
- wood
- What craftsmen would mend clothing?
- milliner
- What are fortifications?
- defenses that make something strong
- what was a waterwheel?
- a huge wheel with paddles or buckets around the outside rim
- What was the most important room in a colonial house?
- kitchen
- what was the parade ground?
- large open area- site of most drilling & troop assemblies
- What is a necessary?
- outdoor toilet
- what is another term for Sunday?
- Sabbath
- what were books whichwere read by colonial children usually about?
- morals
- Why did colonial beds often have curtains around them?
- to keep cold air out
- Who was usually responsible for gathering kindling?
- small children
- what is tallow, and what is it used for?
- melted animal fat used for candles
- what was the purpose of fences in colonial days?
- to keep animals from straying into private yards
- What was trepanning?
- an operation to release evil spirits (headaches) a hole was drilled into the patients skull.
- What does a founder do?
- heats different metals together to make new metals in a process called smelting.
- where were colonial farms located?
- outside the fort
- How was sugar sold in colonial days?
- in cones
- What was the most common operation?
- amputation
- whitesmith
- things made from tin
- What was odd about sleeping at an inn?
- you might share a bed with a stranger
- mason
- stone, brick
- what was the purpose of a corset?
- to make a women's waist appear smaller
- tailor
- clothing
- What was the most plentiful raw material available to the settlers?
- wood
- why did colonial pots and pans have long handles?
- to keep hands from being burned
- Why were both shoes of a pair identical?
- it was cheaper and simpler
- where did people put their money and small valuables?
- cabinet drawers (no banks)
- How did the church raise money?
- by taxing workers of the community.
- miller
- ground grain