Ch. 3, 4, and 5 Parent Child Relations
Terms
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- affective synchrony
- matched emotional states of parents and children and in babies monitoring of their parents' facial expressions and whereabouts
- babbling
- consists of repetition of certain syllables such as da-da, or ma-ma, and those sounds have come to symbolize the terms used for mother and father
- contingent responsiveness
- allow the infant to be actively engaged in the roles of elicitor as well as receiver of parental attention
- cultural congruence
- children's development is more likely to be enhanced by caregivers who can speak their language and who look and act in ways that are somewhat familiar
- fetal alchohol syndrome
- what happens to an infant when the mother consumes alcohol while pregnant
- fine motor skills
- involves the ability to coordinate smaller muscles in the arms, hands, and fingers
- gross motor skills
- the use of large muscles in the legs or arms as well as general strength and stamina
- kangaroo care
- used in many infant intensive care units to promote survival of at-risk infants
- linguistic turn taking
- allowing babies to respond to what you are saying by making pauses
- mutual gazing
- parents spending a great deal of time looking in to their infants faces
- neonatal abstinence syndrome
- when infants suffer withdrawal symptoms; tremors, restlessness, hyperactive reflexes, high pitched cries, vomiting, fevers, sweating, rapid respiration, seizures, and somtimes death
- parentese
- when talking to babies that is intended to gain and maintain the attention of infants; higher pitched, has more low to high fluctuations
- parent-infant synchrony
- depends on the abilities of the parent and the infant to accurately read and respond to cues provided by the other person
- sensorimotor intelligence
- view that infants think exclusively with their senses and motor skills during the stage of development.
- tag-team parenting
- when parents work and care for their children; work at night, care for children at day
- teratogens
- agents and conditions, including malnutrition, viruses, drugs, chemicals, and stressors that can interfere with prenatal development and contribute to birth defects or death
- conserve
- the failure to understand the quantity of matter (such as clay) does not change when the shape changes
- egocentric
- means that younger children have an excessive reliance on their own point of view, coupled with a corresponding inability to be objective
- enuresis
- any instance of involuntary urination by a child over 3 years of age
- fast mapping
- during the preschool period when children learn words at the rapid rate of 10 to 20 new words per day
- guided participation
- when parents participate with children in their adventures and social experiences
- iron-deficiency anemia
- the most common diet deficiency durin the preschool years; one of its main symptoms is chronic fatigue
- myelination
- the insulating process that speeds up the transmission of neural processes
- overgeneralization
- when children think something that walks on four legs is always a dog
- overregularization
- a standard rule of past tense is applied to the English language, which has many exceptions to the standard rules
- personal boundaries
- what children might or might not do, and what they can and cannot accomplish
- preconcept
- when preschoolers first symbolic concepts are not as complete or as logical as are those of older children and adults
- preoperational thought
- between ages 2 and 6; where children start to use symbolic thinking
- reverse-order sentences
- an example would be "you can have a cookie if you clean the kitchen" instead of saying "if you clean the kitchen you will get a cookie"
- self-esteem
- refers to judgments of their worth and feelings associated with those judgments
- self-reliance
- refers to the ability to behave in ways that are considered by parents and other caregivers to be acceptable
- sense of guilt
- the young child feels guilty about behaviors that significant others label as wrong or bad
- sense of initiative
- defined by the skills that demonstrate independence
- social coordination of movement
- being able to change directions while running in anticipation of another child's movement in a game of tag
- symbolic thinking
- involves the use of words, gestures, pictures, or actions to represent ideas, things, or behaviors
- code-switching
- parallels childrens achievement of the ability to decenter their attention
- intersubjectivity
- shared understanding of the task
- scaffolding
- the supportive strategies parents use to guide their children in solving cognitive tasks