Definition of a glacier
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- Where do glaciers form?
- At high altitudes or high latitudes.
- What are the two main types of glaciers?
- Continental & Mountain
- Describe a Mountain Glacier
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*Smaller than Ice Valley Sheets
*length greater than width
*only cover a small region - Describe a continental glacier
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*Ice Sheet
*Large scale-cover 10% of earths land
*Greenland & Antartica - How do glaciers move?
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Externally-slide along water
Internally-melting and freezing - Where within a mountain glacier is the movement fastest?
- Where there's less friction
- Describe the glacial budget
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ice in, ice out
ice accumulated above snow line and melted under the snow line. - How do glaciers lose mass?
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Ablation (it melts, breaks off)
Loss of snow/ ice from melting, calving, sublimation, etc. - What are the types of glacial sediment?
- Drift, unsorted and sorted.
- Describe drift
- deposited by Ice(till)
- Describe unsorted
- deposited by glacier
- Describe sorted
- material laid down by glacial melt water
- Horns?
- a pyramid like peak formed by glacial action in 3 or more cirques surrounding a mountain summit.
- Aretes?
- A narrow knifelike ridge seperating 2 adjacent glaciated valleys.
- Hanging valleys?
- A tributary that enters a glacial through high above floor.
- Truncated spurs
- erroded (triangle shaped) cliffs in glaciated valleys
- Moraines
- A pile of debris that has been transported and deposited by a glacier.
- Erratics
- Boulders left on the surface
- Terminal Moraine
- Debris pushed along in front of the glacier
- Ground Moraine
- Debris accumulated under the glacier
- Outwash plains
- Sand & gravel deposited by glacial melt water
- Eskers
- Deposited by rivers, running water; sorted.
- Drumlins
- Tear drop shaped land features; unsorted.
- Kettle Lakes
- Depressions left after water dries
- How do glaciers effect the landscape?
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Mountain, Accentuate Landscape=Valley Glaciers
Continental - What are the stages of glaciation in Illinois?
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Pre Illinoian
Illinoian
Wisconsin
(All came from the North) - When did glaciation occur in Illinois?
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2 million years-started
10,000 stopped
(Ice Age) - What direction did the glaciers advance from?
- North
- What is the Milakovitch theory?
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3 parts that describe position of the earth and climate change
*eccentricity of orbit
*earth changes angle, on the L of its tilt.
*pression of equinox - What are the layers of the atmosphere?
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Top: Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Sratosphere
trophosphere(closest to our sky) - In whic layer does the weather occur?
- Trophosphere--Closer to the ground
- What is in the ancient atmosphere?
- water vapor, methane, ammonia and hydrogen
- What is in present atmosphere?
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78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
Driven by energy like lightning - Where are the global atmospheric circulation cells located?
- They are from the equator and go up from 0 to 30 and from 30 to 60 and from 60 to 90 in latitude.
- What do the global atmospheric circulation cells do?
- They transfer energy from low latitudes to high.
- What are the global atmospheric circulation cells called?
- Hadley Cells
- How does acid rain form?
- It forms naturally from the environment.
- What is acid rain?
- occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are emitted into the atmosphere
- Describe the trophosphere
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*Lowest Layer
*Contains 80% of mass of the atmosphere
*where weather occurs
temperature decreases with height - In what layer of the atmposhpere does weather occur?
- Trophosphere
- Where weather occurs temperature ________ with height.
- _______= decreases
- Describe the stratosphere
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between 15 & 50 km
18% of mass of atmosphere
contains ozone - What is the O-Zone & where does it occur?
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Oxygen free and occurs in the:
stratosphere (good) & trophsphere (bad) - Describe the Green House Effect?
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Suns short waves heat the ground--warm air raises and heats the greenhouse.
--long wave lengths radiated to the atmosphere. - What are some of the green house gases?
- Water vapor, methane, CO2, CFC's
- What drives surface currents?
- Wind--Atmospheric circulation
- What is longshore transport?
- Movement of sediments on a beach. Moved laterally along beach.
- What landforms are associated with wave refraction?
- SEA Stacks/SEA arches
- What are the parts of a wave?
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Top: Crest
Bottom: Troph - What causes a wave to break?
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Trips over bottom.
When depth to the bottom is 1/2 the wave length. - Does a wave move water or energy?
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wave moves energy.
waves move, not H20. - What causes tides?
- gravitational pull of sun/moon
- What is a spring tide?
- Moon and sun are aligned
- What is a neap tide?
- Sun is pulling opposite of how moon is pulling.
- What drives thermohaline (deep sea) currents?
- Density difference in the H20 which is caused by temperature and salinity. Cold water is denser and sinks.
- What effect does this current have on our climate?
- (Surface and deep sea) transfer heat from equator to higher latitudes.
- What defines a desert?
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Less than 10 inches of percipatation per year.
Can't support large population. - Where are the types of deserts?
- Rainshadow, polar, subtropical and coastal.
- Describe the Rainshadow desert
- Mountain Ranges moister
- Describe Subtropical deserts?
- 30 degree N/S latitude
- Describe Coastal deserts?
- Cold water ciculation patterns blowing on land.
- Describe polar deserts?
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Cold air holds little water.
example: antartica/greenland - What are the types of sand dunes?
- Barchan, Star, Transverse, Parabolic and Longitudinal
- Transverse Dunes
- A lot of sand