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The American Revolution

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Advantage of which army? outstanding leadership
America
Advantage of which army? knew territory
America
Advantage of which army? strong motivation
America
Advantage of which army? sharp shooters
America- of Pennsylvania riflemen
Advantage of which army?superiority of German made rifle
America-better range and accuracy over British musket
Advantage of which army? Experienced officers
America-many who fought in Fr and Indian war like Geo Washington
Advantage of which army? Support of the French
America
Advantage of which country? Military power
Britain-well equipped, trained and disciplined. Really into cleanliness too which kept them healthy.
Advantage of which country? strongest army and navy in the world
Britain-they sent over 400 ships loaded with cannons and men. And these weren't even their biggest ships!
Advantage of which country? Indian support
Britain-Native americans were afraid of losing even more land to white settlers
Advantage of which country? Loyalist cooperation
Britain-about 1/3 of Americans were loyal to George III and the crown
Advantage of which country? Hefty war chest
Britain-enough money to hire mercenaries- soldiers for pay
Advantage of which country? Hessian soldiers from Germany helped
Britain- they hire 30,000 German Hessians
Advantage of which country? took pride in appearance
Britain-bright red uniforms
Disadvantage of which country? Untrained and undisciplined militia
America- most were farmers
Disadvantage of which country? Brand new Navy
America- few ships to defend their loooong coastline.
Disadvantage of which country? short enlistments-only 3-12 months
America-Men would leave abruptly and Geo Wash was like, what the...?
Disadvantage of which country? constant shortages-$,food, arms, clothes, gunpowder, medicine
America
Disadvantage of which country? near bankrupt treasury
America-Congress printed paper $ to pay soldiers but they had no "SPECIE"- cold hard silver or gold to back it up so the paper money had no value- was kind of a joke.
Disadvantage of which country? neighbor fought neighbor
America- 1/3 of Americans were loyalists
Disadvantage of which country? Weak motivation
Britain-not fighting for any cause
Disadvantage of which country? unagressive soldiers
Britain-Failed to press advantages- Like General Howe could have wiped the floor with the colonists at NY but instead he held back and they escaped across the river in the dark of night-9000 of them!
Disadvantage of which country? poor communications and a long supply line
Britain-3000 miles away from home
Disadvantage for which country?hard to blockade the coast
Britain- the enemy coast line was 1500 miles long and it was hard for Brits even with all of their ships to blockade the coast from colonists trying to move.
Disadvantage for which country? Vast land
Britain- they could conquer the territory but not hold it!
Disadvantage for which country? Easy target
Britain- red uniform and classic line-up type of fighting made them easy to shoot at
Disadvantage for which country? European helpers
Britain- they are fighting their enemy France!
Where is Bunker Hill?
Outside of Boston
Why is Bunker Hill important to the British?
The Brits wereright across the river and they needed their reinforcements. Bunker Hill is a high ground nearby that they did NOT want the colonists to dominate.Then reinforcements could not get by.
Why is Bunker Hill important to the colonists?
They wanted to cut off supplies to the Brits in Boston.
Why did the Battle of Bunker Hill take place there?
The British were in Boston nearby and we were trying to trap them
How prepared were the colonists for Bunker Hill?
They were inexperienced and had little gunpowder.
"Don't shoot until you see the whites of their eyes." Explain
What US generals told their militia to do at Bunker Hill so they don't waste gunpowder
Who won the Battle of Bunker Hill?
Technically the Brits did because they took control of the patriot's postition
Was the victory at Bunker Hill decisive?
Naw. The Brits won by a forfeit. The Americans ran out of gunpowder and had to retreat.
Who lost more men, Brits or Pats, at Bunker Hill
Brits lost 2x as many even though patriots had little gunpowder
What the the purpose of the attack on Ticonderoga?
to gather all of the cannons (heavy artillery) and bring to Boston to oust the Brits from Boston
Who were the major military leaders at Fort Ticonderoga battle?
Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold
Ethan Allen fought at what battle
Fort Ticonderoga
Benedict Arnold fought at what battle?
Fort Ticonderoga
What was the effects of the Fort Ticonderoga victory for the Brits?
After the colonists attacked Boston with all of their cannons, the Brits escape by ships to Canada along with 1,000 loylists.
What was the effects of the Fort Ticonderoga victory for the Americans?
with 59 cannons and 2300 lbs of lead, they were ready to put attack the Brits in Boston
What is the significance of New York's geographic location in the war?
New York is a middle colony. If the Brits get it they can split the colonists in two and the colonists could not help each other...that is, reinforcements could not be sent
What was the first major defeat for the Americans?
The Battle of New York
Why did the colonists lose the Battle of New York?
little food, weak soldiers, no good clothing
Who lost 1407 men and who lost 377 men in the Battle of New York?
Brits lose 377 Americans lose 1407
What were important features of the Battle of Trenton
Geo Washington led the troops and beat the Brits
Who won the Battle of Trenton?
Colonists did decisively- but they were surprised
What was British reaction to their defeat at the Battle of Trenton?
After spending the bitter snowy winter at Valley Forge, Geo Washington led the troops across the Delaware to surprise Hessian troops wintering and unprepared at Trenton
After what defeat did General Howe realized that it would take more than their capture of New York to win the war ?
Battle of Trenton
What was General Johnny Burgoyne's plan for the Hudson River Valley in New York?
To capture it by coming down from Canada
Why was General Johnny Burgoyne's plan to capture New York's Hudson River Valley destined for failure?
Route from Canada to Albany was over 20 miles of wilderness with swamps here and there He carried too much stuff General Howe did not stick to the original plan
How was the Battle of Bunker Hill a moral victory for the colonists?
They proved that they could fight and win a war against professional soldiers and were willing to die for a cause
What is significant about Francis Marion ?
"Swamp Fox" led a band of colonists with hit and run raids on the British. They faded into swamps and forests
"Swamp Fox" led a band of colonists with hit and run raids on the British. They faded into swamps and forests. Who is this?
Francis Marion
Name two colonists who used guerrilla tactics?
Francis Marion and Nathaniel Greene
What are guerrilla tactics?
A non traditional way of fighting where one takes advantage of natural features like swamps, trees and rocks and essentially hides out and springs upon the enemy.
IN what part of the US were guerrilla tactics used effectively?
IN the SOUTH by Francis Marion and Nathaniel Greene
Why was the Battle of Saratoga called the turning point in the war?
America, with the help (weapons, $, troops and warships) from the French proved that they had a chance to win the war. Spain was an ally too.
Who won the Battle of Saratoga?
The colonists with the help of the Spanish and the French
Who were the American's european allies?
Spain and France
Who were Britain's european allies?
Germany- Hessians
In this treaty, England recognizes American Independence
Treaty of Paris
This colonialvictory forced Cornwallis to surrender and marked the end of the Revolutionary War
Yorktown
This American victory was the turning point of the war and brought France into the Rev War on the side of the patriots
Saratoga
What vitory brought France into the Rev War on the side of the patriots?
Saratoga
Nicknamed the swamp fox for his imaginitive tactics
Francie Marion
This man was blockaded by French ships at Yorktown
General Cornwallis
This general was caught spying for the British and was then labelled a traitor by the patriots
Benedict Arnold
Prussian Soldiers general who helped train the Continental Army at Valley Forge (Where George Washington was)
Baron Frederick Von Steuben
Who was Baron Frederick Von Steuben?
Prussian Soldiers general who helped train the Continental Army at Valley Forge (Where George Washington was)
American general who trekked over and back mountains in the dead of winter to get the cannons of Fort Ticonderoga to use against the British in Boston
Henry Knox
Who was Henry Knox?
American general who trekked over and back mountains in the dead of winter to get the cannons of Fort Ticonderoga to use against the British in Boston
Who was commander in chief of the Continental Army?
George Washington
George Washington's army endured a harsh winter at
Valley Forge in Pennsylvania not far from Gettysburg
The attack on Fort Ticonderoga gave the colonists valuable ___?
AMMUNITION!
What is a patriot?
A colonist who supports freedom
A colonist who supports freedom is called a
patriot
General Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown because a) The Americans had more cannons b) The British were surrounded by the French and the Americans C) His soliders had no food or water D) His soldiers were out of gunpowder
b) The British were surrounded by the French and the Americans
During what battle was British General Cornwallis and his troops surrounded by the French and the Americans
Yorktown
Who led the capture of Fort Ticonderoga,securing artillery for the new Coninental Army?
Ethan Allen
He was a wealthy planter, a hero in the French and Indian war and the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army..
George Washington
he conducted raids on British supply lines from bases in the marshlands of South Carolina
Francis Marion
He led American forces in the siege on Quebec, turned the tide for America at Saratoga and betrayed his country at West Point...
Benedict Arnold
Mercenaries (paid soliders) from which country were hired to fight for the British?
Germany- Hessians
Victory at the Battle of Trenton was important because... a) it shoulded that Britain's mercenaries were an inferior military force b) demonstrated the danger of winter campaigns c) gave new hope to American soldiers and citizens d) brought despair to
c) gave new hope to American soldiers and citizens
The Americans were victorious at what battle because Gen Burgoyne's forces alone were unable to defeat the American forces under General Gates
SARATOGA
The French signed a Treaty of Alliance with America because it seemed a) The Americans would surely lose without French Assistance b) The Americans could gain a victory with French assistance c) the Americans had gained new Native American allies d)
b) The Americans could gain a victory with French assistance
How did Native American's respond to war between Britain and her colonies? a) All Native Am fought on the Brit side b) All Native Am fought on the Patriot side c) Some fought on each side d) All Native Americans remained neutral
c) Some fought on each side
Many slaves joined the British forces because
they were promised freedom after the war
What action finally convinced the British to negotiate peace with the Americans?
The American victory at Yorktown
The Battle of Saratoga was important for all reasons EXCEPT::: a) It ended the British threat to the south b) it gave the Americans needed encouragement c) it ended the British threat to New England d) It convinced the French to send troops and Money
a) It ended the British threat to the south- Saratoga is in the north so it would not end any threat in the South
Patriot confidence in George Washington is restored when he surprises Hessian forces at what battle?
Trenton
What do you call it when a navy closes a port preventing ships and supplies from moving in or out?
A BLOCKADE
Advantage or disadvantage to the Patriot cause? Loyalists work undercover to support their cause.
A disadvantage
What were the American terms of the Treaty of Paris?
Americans want: a)British king and Parliament to accept American independence b)They wanted all British soldiers removed from American soil c) They wanted the British to pay the Americans who had any property destroyed by the war d) American states were no longer a source of raw materials and agricultural produce for the brits
What did the Treaty of Paris do?
a) It officially names the United States of America as a new country b) It described it borders
What were the British terms of the Treaty of Paris?
They want: a) loyalist who remain in the US to be treated fairly (loyalists ended up very poor and the Brits didn't help.
Why did the British shift their focus to the south?
They went south where there was more loyalist support. They wanted to win the war once and for all and now that French were helping patriots, Brits had to move fast!
After spending the bitter snowy winter in New York, Geo Washington led the troops across the Delaware to surprise Hessian troops wintering and unprepared. This led to the Battle of ______
Trenton
For which Battle did George Washington and his troops cross the Delaware River on Christmas Day 1776 to surprise the Hessians?
Battle of Trenton
True/False- most of the soldiers of George Washington's Continental army had zero military experience
TRUE
True/False- The British army was made up of professional soldiers
TRUE
TRUE/FALSE In the early days of the war, the British army's greater numbers gave it an advantage
TRUE! Brits had 50,000 soldiers in the colonies. Geo Washington had no more than 15,000 soldiers.
What are some reasons that the Continental Army soldiers left the army?
Many were farmers and had to harvest their crops in the spring; Many also only had 6-12 month commissions (contracts) with the army
Why was it a disadvantage to have farmers in the Continental army?
Many were farmers and had to harvest their crops in the spring;
During what battle on Christmas Day,1776 were 900 Hessians taken captive?
Battle of Trenton led by Geo Washington
This man was one of many soldiers from Europe who believed in the patriot cause
German Soldier, Friedrich von Steuben
He taught the Patriots to a)organize and drill so they could attack and retreat faster b) how to use bayonet- a knife extension on the end of the gun that European soldiers used to pin soldiers to trees and whatnot
German Soldier, Friedrich von Steuben
This victory showed the French that the Americans now stood a chance of winning the war
SARATOGA
After the victory of Saratoga, France wasn't the only country to help the patriots. Who else did?
The spanish- specifically the governor of Spanish Louisiana territory. Also Spanish soldiers fought in the continental army and new navy
Did the Revolutionary war start in the North or the south?
Started north with Lex and Concord and Bunker Hill, then down to Long Island and Trenton etc then down south
Who was great at winning southern battles?
Nathanael Greene and Marion Fox
The British could not win the war because no city or town was the heart of America. Explain
The Brits could conquer a city or region but not hold it.
When did the war start and stop?
1775-1781 1775- Lex and Concord 1781- September at Yorktown Other fighting after this but nothing decisive
Why did Cornwallis order his troops to scuttle, or sink his own ships in the Chesapeake Bay?
To block the French Navy from attacking Yorktown.
"If you cannot relieve me very soon, you must be prepared to hear the worst." Who said this and why
Gen Cornwallis sent these words to his British commanders in the North once he realized that the French Navy took control of Chesapeake Bay and Cornwallis realized that the British Navy was trapped and could not get supplies.
By the fall of 1776, the _____ beat winning several battles including the Battle of Long Island.
BRITISH
What battle made George Washington realize that he needed a professional army, and not just a militia
The battle of New York We lost 1407 Brits lost 377 We were left hungry, wounded, weak and were missing 6 officers- a few of whom were lanced by Hessian bayonets, captured and put aboard British prison ships

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