About the Middle East
Terms
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- What are the physical characteristics?
- Deserts; <10" of rain per year; clear skies cause uninhibited heat during the day, but cause it to escape at night making it very cold; large diurnal temperature variation; windy; little to no vegetation.
- Wadi/arroyo (landform)
- intermittent stream with a flat bottom that only flows when it rains.
- Alluvial fan (landform)
- deposited material by water at the foot of a mountain.
- Steppe (type of desert)
- transitional area, shrubs and grasses grow, most common type of desert.
- Reg (type of desert)
- rocky, wind blows away sand leaving exposed rocks, second most common type of desert.
- Erg (type of desert)
- sandy dunes, windy deposits of sand, least common type of desert.
- Playa (landform)
- salt flat, water enters basin and evaporates leaving minerals behind.
- Exotic river (landform)
- don't originate in desert, but flows through to a sea or ocean. (IE, Nile, Tigris, Euphrates)
- Plateau (landform)
- desert with high elevation. Used for dryland farming.
- What are the four physical environments?
- Exotic river valleys, coastal areas, oases, plateaus. They are distinguished from one another by the amount of rainfall they receive.
- What are the three types of human dwellers?
- City dwellers, village dwellers, nomads.
- Characteristics of cities
- High walls for security, narrow streets, building upward, space partitioned according to religious area, central market, central mosque. Cities are in regions with water (coastal and exotic river)
- Characteristics of villages
- coastal areas for fishing purposes, exotic river and oasis areas for basin irrigation, plateaus for dryland farming. Obviously centered on farming.
- Characteristics of nomadic living
- economy based on owning, selling, trading animals such as camels, sheep, goats in exchange for food, shelter, clothing, transportation, and money.
- What is a ulama?
- An elite faction of community and religious leaders/regulators.
- What is a qanat?
- Series of wells for irrigation.
- What is a xerophyte?
- A plant adapted to dry conditions.
- What is a halophyte?
- A plant adapted to salty conditions.
- Explain the diffusion of idea.
- Primary stage: adoption in local area. Diffusion stage: idea radiates outward. Condensing stage: all areas penetrated by idea. Saturation stage: all areas either adopt or reject idea.