Graffeo AP Religious leaders
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- Lyman Beecher (1775-1863) New Haven, CT
- Believer in Orthodox Church. Fought for gradual emancipation. Often criticized for being too liberal. Ideas are still used today by the Orthodox Ohurch.
- James McGready (1758-1817) Pennsylvania
- Presbyterian revivalist during 2nd Great Awakening. Found the churches to be unsatisfactory, sought to fix them. Preached and caused an awakening. Caused more people to become involved in ministry.
- Jonathan Edwards 1703-1758
- Preacher, Theologian, and one of Americas great thinkers. He helped shape the 1st Great Awakening and reformed theology by emphasizing the power of god
- Pat Robertson 1930-currently 79 years of age
- A Televangelist He is the founder of the American center for Law and Justice and the Christian Broadcasting Network Host of The 700 Club(christian T.V. program) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgL8FDUtkWQ
- John Smith (1579-1631)
- English Colonist and early leader of Jamestown encouraged settlement of New England saved 1st American Colony through troubled times wrote letters back to England about his travels and experiences later criticized for exaggerating in his writings
- William Vaughn Moody (1869-1910)
- Poet, playwright and Educator at the University of Chicago leading American dramatist during his time most of his works based on his view of reconciliation and salvation in God
- Mary Baker Eddy (1821-1910)
- Founder of The Church Of Christian Science a unique view of Christian Religion made many strides for equality among sexes Church considered controversial since it dissuades its members from using modern medical practices
- Oral Roberts Born 1918
- -Televangelist that emphasized God & taught directly from the Bible -Regular religious programming for most of 1970s -Founded Oral Roberts University -Built a controversial research center (City of Faith) based on a conversation from God -Inspired more televangelist ministries to start.
- Henry Ward Beecher (1813-1887)
- A public clergymen and preacher Believed in Orthodox tradtion, taught from the Bible, & believed in evolution Opposed the Fugitive Slave Act 1850 Gained popularity by speaking about politics: an advocate for abolition of slavery, but not black social equality Accused of having an affair
- Brigham Young 1801-1877
- -Most successful mormon missionary. -Founder of Salt Lake City and church of Jesus Christ of latter day saints. -1st governer of Utah territory -Brigham Young University named after.
- William F. Channing 1780-1842
- -believed in unitarianism and social reform -was an advocate of public education -influenced many transcendentalists -anti Calvinistic
- Thomas Campbell (1763-1854)
- -Strived for Christian unity -Co-founder of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) -Help promote the idea and accepting of Bible teaching that there is only one rule of Christian Faith, rather than having denominations -Major work was the Declaration and Address of the Christian Association of Washington
- Charles G. Finney (1792-1875)
- -Lead acts of Christian Reformism -Major player in the Second Great Awakening -strong feelings about meaning of repentence -rejected old Calvinism ways seeing them as unbiblical and contradictory to Christian missons.
- John Henry Hobart (1775-1830)
- -Impassioned Speaker and Writer -attacked problems dealing with the Church\'s aristocratic nature -interested in Christianizing Native Americans, missionary work, the Bible, and sunday school programs
- William Penn (1644-1718)
- -A Quaker who was against religious persecution -Supported religious and political freedom -Founded Pennsylvania, a Quaker colony that was tolerant of different religions
- Roger Williams (ca.1603-1683)
- -First American spokesman for religious toleration and the separation of church and state -Founded Providence, Rhode Island and the colony after being banished -Contributed the ideas of individual liberty, separation of church and state, and religious toleration -His views conflicted with those of the Puritans and he was banished for this reason
- Thomas K.Beecher (1824-1900)
- -Congregational clergyman -Was the pioneer for for the "institutional church" movement -Built a church with a gym, library, lecture room, and other provisions for social work -Required serious, systematic work on the part of teachers and pupils in Sunday school.
- Aimee Semple McPherson (1890-1944)
- -Memebr of the United Pentecostal Church -Founded the Angelus Temple in Los Angeles, California -Helped women gain a place in a patriarchal (male dominated) religon as ministers -Brought popular music, specifically jazz, into the church
- Dwight Moody
- -Christian -founder of Moody Church and Moody Bible Institute in Chicago -Turned hundreds of thousands of people to Christianity
- Gilbert Tennet (1703-1764)
- -clergyman -believed in the new beliefs during the Great Schism -made the serman "The Danger of an unconverted Ministery" in 1739 -took part in the Great Awakening in the areas of Middle colonies and New England
- Andrew Dickson White (1878-1899)
- -took part in the war between science vs. religion -wrote the book titled "History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christemdom" (tales of religious obtuseness with respect to scientific ideas) -believed in a drive to secular higher education vs. church sponsered colleges -brought elective cources in so students could study natural sciences
- Billy Graham 11/7/1918-Present
- -Evangelist -Brought Evangelism to a new level of sophistication in organization, techniques, support, and prestige. -Preached the Gospel to more people in live audiences than anyone else in history totaling more than 210 million people in more than 185 countries and territories
- Jerry Falwell 8/11/1933-5/15/2007
- -Founded Liberty Baptist Fellowship -Founded Moral Majority -Wanted to reverse the politicization of immorality in society -200 LBF churches today -'Marketed religion like Coca-Cola'
- George Fox (1624 – 1691)
- - English religious dissenter / preacher responsible for the founding of the Society of Friends (the Quakers). - controversial views of women’s equality, direct spiritual contact with God, and pacifistic tendencies - Established connections between fledgling Quaker groups in the colonies and gained many proponents and supporters there. - Jailed several times in England for blashphemy.
- Theodorus J. Frelinghuysen (1692 – c. 1747)
- - Ordained minister of the Dutch Reformed Church in Germany in 1715. - Immigrated to the Raritan Valley of New Jersey to aid the growth of the Dutch Reformed Church in America. - Eloquent writer and acclaimed speaker who eventually presided over several churches in the Raritan Valley. - Lauded as the prominent force for establishing the Dutch Reformed Faith in North America.
- George Whitefield (1714 – 1770)
- - Born in Gloucester England - Calvinist preacher with a tremendous gift for oration - Greatly responsible for igniting the Great Awakening in both America and England. - Experienced a religious conversion at school which became the paramount topic of his sermons and beliefs. - Preaching techniques attracted enormous crowds numbering thousands - Became a cultural hero and icon because of his preaching in the colonies.
- John Robinson (1575-1625)
- Puritan minister who helped raise money for the Mayflower expedition
- John Weasley (1703-1791)
- English Evangalist who founded the Methodist religion, came to America to convert
- William Bradford (1590-1657)
- Puritan leader in Plymouth colonony who founded the first thanksgiving.
- Isaac Wise 1819-1900
- Jewish Reformer Made many changes to adapt the Jewish faith to modern times
- Felix Addler 1851-1933
- Free Religion Ethical Philosophy Created free Kindergarten Changed the education system
- Billy Sunday (1862-1935)
- -Evangalistic Christian - Fundamentalist - no alchohol, dancing, games, or anything fun - Popular for his sensational preaching techniques. - Important because he brought about the emotional techniques to gain religious followers.
- Charles Taze Russell (1852-1916)
- - Believed an invisible Jesus would return in 1874. -After, there would be times of chaos until the dead rise (present day). - Denied the existance of hell. - Founder of the Jehovah\'s Witness sect of Christianity.
- John W. Nevin (Feb. 20th, 1803-June 6th, 1886)
- -Theologian Educator, scholar, and preacher -Supported the Old-School Calvinistic Orthodoxy -Created articles in regard to his position to tradition, the sacraments, and the mystical union
- (Mother) Ann Lee (1803-1886)
- -Followed Shaker principles -preached against war; accused of pro-british sympathies -created the group called the Shakers and traveled through New England
- Theodore Munger
- -Was a Clergyman -became a pastor emeritus -established a church at San José
- George Ripley
- 1802-1880 Joined the Transcendentalist club which was a group of intellectuals Left the Church with the main criticism that people worshiped wealth more
- John H. Vincent
- 1832-1920 In 1865 established a Sunday school Improved adult education 1888 he was elected bishop