Foundations TEST 1
Terms
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- reason we have theories
- to conceptualize on some aspect fo nursing communicated for the purpose of describing , explaining, predicting, and/or prescribing nursing care.
- grand theories
- broad scoped & complex. They require further specification through research.
- middle-range theories
- less abstract, and address specific phenomena or concepts and reflect practice.
- Descriptive theories
- first level of theory development. they describe phonomena, speculate on why phenomena occur, and describe consequences of phenomena. Do not direct nursing activities, but may help to explain client assesment.
- Prescriptive theories
- address nursing interventions and predict the consequence of a specific nursing intervention. Guide & nursing research to develop & test specific nursing interventions.
- Peplau
- develop interaction between nurse and client
- Henderson
- assist client in gaining independence asap & regain strength
- Abdellah
- to provide service to indiviual, family & society by being kind, caring, intellegent, competent, & technically prepared
- Rogers
- maintain & promote health, prevent illness
- Orem
- help client attain total self care.
- King
- use communication to help reestablish positive adaptation to environment
- Neuman
- assist individuals, families, and groups in attaining and maintaining maximal level of total wellness by purposeful interventions
- Leininger
- provide care w/ nursings emerging sciences
- Roy
- ID types of demands placed on client, assess adaptation to demands, and help client adapt
- Watson
- Promote health restore client to health and prevent illness
- Brunner & Wrubel
- focus on clients need for caring as a means of coping with stressors of illness
- Nightengale
- to facilitate the body's reparative process by manipulating clients environment.
- Virulence
- ability to produce disease
- Vehicle
- mode of transmission via an object
- sanguineous
- containing red blood cells
- purulent
- containing WBCs and bacteria
- serous
- clear
- 50-70%
- normal neutrophil adult value
- Lymphocytes
- 20-40%
- Monocytes
- 2-8%
- 1-4% and .5 - 1%
- Eosinophil and Basophil normal adult count
- 5000-10000 mm^3
- WBC normal count adult
- medical asepsis
- clean technique: hand washing, using gloves, & cleaning environment.
- disinfection
- elimination of many or all microorganisms with exception of spores
- sterilization
- complete elimination of microbes & spores via steam pressure, ETO gas, hydrogen peroxide plasma & chemicals
- effleurage
- a massage associtated with a reduction in heart rate & respiratory rate.
- Stomatitis
- mouth infection
- How to shave a patient
- pull skin taught, use firm short strokes in direction of hair growth.
- transduction
- begins in periphery when a pain producing stimulus sends an inpulse across a pain nerve energy is converted to electrical energy
- nociceptor
- nerve fiber
- transmission
- transfer of electrical energy to brain
- analgesics
- most common method of pain relief, fear of addiction when used. 3 types nonsteroidal anti inflammatory (NSAIDS), opioids (narcotics), adjuvants.
- adjuvants
- drugs with alagesic properties that were not originally developed to relieve pain.
- regional anesthesia
- recieved through an injection.
- Local anesthesia
- used in breif surgical procedures ie, stitches.
- yin and yang
- opposing yet completmentary phenomena that exist in a state of equilibrium.
- 5th vital sign
- pain
- Qi
- vital energy of the human body
- meridians
- how energy runs through body
- status epilepticus
- continuous seizures
- crutches
- have to be fitted perfectly to avoid pinching of nerves
- strong side
- which side cane goes on.
- body mechanics
- knowledge of actions of various muscle groups, knowing the factors involved in coordination of body movement & familiarity w/ fucntion of skeletal, muscular, and nervous system.
- ADLs
- activities of daily living
- body alignment
- relationship of one body part to another body part along a horizontal or vertical line.
- Center of gravity
- balance over a wide, stable base of support and a vertical line falls from the center of gravity through the base of support.
- Isotonic contraction
- cause muscle contraction & change in muscle length
- Isometric contraction
- tightening of muscles w/out movement
- Antagonistic muscles
- bring movement at the joint
- synergistic muscles
- contract to accomplish the same movement
- antigravity muscles
- involved with joint stabilization
- proprioception
- awareness of the position of body & its parts
- hemiplegia
- paralysis on one side of the body
- purpose of nclex
- to determine competency level
- board of nursing purpose
- to protect client
- national league of nursing NLN
- concerned with improvement of nursing education
- sterile
- What type of environment does intramuscular injection require?
- blood and fecal matter
- how is hepatitis A spread
- gating mechanism for pain
- closing the gate is basis for pain management via physiology, emotional and cognitive processes
- histamines
- relased during pain response
- neuropathy
- loss of feeling
- brush hair
- release oil in hair
- to give oral care to semi consious client
- sideline patient
- accupuncture is on principles of
- pressure point & meridians
- left side paralysis uses cane on
- right side
- sincopy
- fainting
- visceral pain
- internal, pertaining to organs
- how to clean stomatitis
- use saline
- chinese medicine
- yin yang
- basic precautions (standard procedures)
- Gloves, masks, eye protection, face sheilds, hand hygene.
- epidemiology
- cause and effect
- 5 steps of nursing process
-
asses
diagnose
plan
implement
evaluate - nursing care plan
- used to communicate individualized patient care
- long term care
- Resident Bill of rights is for