Extra Terms
Terms
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- Advanced Organizer
- relevant learning activities or info presented before reading begins
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Auditory
Discrimination -
ability to tell one sound from another
important for developing phonemic awareness - Back Ground Knowledge
-
knowledge already possed
student will read more fluently and comprehend better with BGK - Blending
- ability to take separate sounds and blend them into a single word or syllable
- Comprehension Strategies
-
techniques students can use to better understand reading
(note-taking, outlining, self-monitoring, story mapping, etc) - Concepts About Print
- the idea that oral language can be presented in a print format
- Decoding
- Analyzing words by identifying sounds.
- Deletion
- The removal of a sound(pheoneme) from a word. Requires maipulation of phonemes in words and is considered more difficult than other types of phoneme awareness
- Diphthong
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A gliding vowel sound represented by 2 adjacent vowels.
Ex. oil - oi, boy - oy -
DLTA
Directed listening thinking activity -
assesses and instructs students
(listening, predicting, and confirming predictions is emphasized -
Vowel
Diagraphs -
A pair of letters with the first letter making a long vowel sound and the second letter being silent
Ex. Peach, read, paint - Emergent literacy
-
awakening of a students readin ability
(have well developed oral lang skills, understand print, phonemically aware) - Etmology
- study of the origins and history of words
- Literal Comprehension
-
1st level of comprehension
(understand literal text but can't draw conclusions - Inferential Comprehension
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2nd level
should be able to draw conclusions that are not explicitly stated - Evaluative Comprehension
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3rd and highest level
involves understanding and effectively critiqing text - Final Position
- The end of a word
- Frustration level
- level at which student cannot accurately recognize/ comprehend more that 70% of text
- Graphonic Cues
- process of "sounding out" a word
- Guided Reading
- enables the teacher and small group of students to read through a book, stopping frequently to question/discuss
- Independent Level
- level at which student can accurately recognize/comprehend well enough - no teacher help needed
- Informal Assessments
-
measuring tools that can be sneaked into activities
can be structured or unstructured
Ex. kid watching, checklist - Independent Reading
-
reading that is done alone
crucial to developing reading skills -
Informal Reading Inventory -
IRI - assessment tool presents student w/ reading passage and tests comprehension with questions
- Initial position
- The first part of the word
- Irregular Sight Words
- Common word that can't be sounded out
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Language Experience Approach
LEA -
joins reading and writing instruction
use own experience & words to develop reading, writing, speaking abilities - Listening Comprehension
-
level at which student can understand text that is read aloud
described by grade level - Literary Analysis
- argument or point of view about a reading text
- Mapping
- technique in which students relate the main incidents of a text they read
- Medial Position
- middle portion of word
- Morpheme
-
smallest unit of language that has meaning
Ex. stomping - both stomp and ing are morpheme - Morphology
- study of word structure
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Schema
Schemata (plural) -
brains chunck of information about a certain topic
Cat - what you know about cat - Semantic Cues
- using knowledge about a subject to identify an unkown word in a text
- Open Syllable
-
syllable that does not end in a consonant sound but a vowel sound
Ex. jumbo - the 2nd syllable is open - Orthography
- the study of spellin patterns
- R-controlled
-
vowel sound that is neither long or short
Ex. "o" in sailor - Segmentation
- ability to break words into separate phonemes (sounds)
- Phoneme
-
smallest unit of sound
may be a letter or group of letters
Ex. knife has 3 phonemes - Story Map
-
graphic presentation of major plot points & themes from story
(improves comp & teaches story structure) - Substitution
-
the replacement of one phoneme in a word w/ another
Ex. "c" for "r" in rat forms cat - Syllabication
- breaking up of a word into syllables
- Systematic Instruction
- instruction plan that moves from simple concepts to more complex ones
- Think Aloud
- verbalizing thought processes that a proficient reader might use when reading and writing
- Assonance
-
occurs when words begin with the same vowel sound
Ex. An ant ate another apple. - Leveled pot
- appropriate grade level books
- Bound Morpheme
- affix added to base word to change case, gender, #, tense
- 2 text structured
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Expository
Narrative - Constructing Meaning
- Current phrase for teaching reading
- 2 literary strategies to activate prior knowledge
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prediction (children evidence prior knowledge)
previewing - Contextual Redefinition
- using context to determine word meaning
- Consonant Diagraphs
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2 consecutive consonants that represent 1 speech sound
Ex. "ph" = f - Directionality
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ability to process words in a text in the correct order
includes left to right word progression and return sweep - Expository Text
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teaches reader to explain & discuss, or convince reader of a point
text is oriented around a subject
little or no dialogue
purpose is to provide facts/opinions - Funtional Reading
- reading of instructions, recipes, coupons, ads, sign, etc
- Formal Assesment
-
done under controlled and regulated conditions
Ex. standardized test - Children own words when: (3 things)
-
1. find words on their own
2. use words in their own writing
3. appear in literature that interest them - Direct Teaching
- teacher announces to class that this strategy will be taught
- What is a quartle on a test?
- division of the percentiles into 4 segments each of which is called a quartile
- Word Web
- helps build vocab and makes connections
- Return Sweep
- pointing at words and moving from left to right
- Word Study
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* going to dictionary at 1 or 2 times a day
*collect and share words of interest
* vocab work sheets from basal or commercial vocab book - Stop and Think Strategy
- student will ask himself if what he has read makes sense
- Help to compare and contrast
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* Word Web
*Semantic Map
*Semantic features
*Analysis grid - Self Correct
-
Key principle of the running record
* child goes back & corrects errors made in running record -
Recognition
Vocabulary - words that can be correctly pronounced and read aloud
- Crisscrossers
-
second language learners
have positive attitudes - Oddity Task
- Recognize which sound is odd in a series of like sounds