A/S - local anesthesia
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- Anesthesia - local anesthesia
- Anesthesia - local anesthesia
- How to local anesthetics work?
- prevent sensory nerve xmission at axon, may also control voluntary motor control of a body part
- Do local anesthetics effect the brain?
- Not when properly dosed - they reach the brain only in vy dilute amounts
- What are some application methods for local anesthetics (7)?
- topical, infiltration, nerve blocks, line/ring blocks, intr-articular, regional anesthesia, epidural
- Three topical application methods
- skin, eyes, mm
- What is the most common application method for topical anesthetics?
- infiltration
- Describe infiltration application of a local anesthetics and what it is used for
- drug is injected SC around site and difuses to site - used for wounds, small skin cysts, tumors, warts
- How does nerve block application of local anesthetics work? Used for?
- drug injected near (not into) specific nerve & blocks sensation from area distal to inj site - used for lameness examns in horses & cattle, and bovine dohorning, eye surg, etc
- Describe line/ring block - what used for?
- continuous line or ring of drug injected proximal to body part - used for feline declaws & bovine teat or digit surg
- Describe intra-articular application - what used for?
- drug injected into joint - used for post surgical pain mgmt
- describe regional anesthetic application - what used for?
- drugs injected where major nerves exit spinal cord - used for analgesia of entire limb, caudal trunk
- Describe epidural application
- drug placed into epidural space, administerd through dorsal aspect of lumbosacral space, blocks sensation & motor control caudal to injection
- What is epidural application used for?
- LA obstetric & vaginal prolapses, SA c-section, post-surg mgmt of profound pain
- What are some precautions for epidural application (4)?
- Reqs ventral recumbency & sedation, reqs surgical clip & prep, elevate head to prev drug from traveling forward
- What application method may cause inflammation, swelling, and delayed wound healing?
- infiltration
- Injection into a nerve may cause temporary ___ or permanent ___
- temp neuritis, perm nerve damage
- If a local anesthetic drug reaches the brain in high concentration, what may happen?
- seizures, death
- injections of any local anesthetic req ___ & ___
- clip & prep
- What is potentiation?
- One drug increases the effectiveness of another drug
- What drug potentiates local anesthetics by causing peripheral vasoconstriction which delays absorption of the drug thus it stays in the site longer?
- Epinephrine
- Name some loca anesthetics (6)
- Lidocaine, Bupivicaine, Mepivicaine, Procaine, Proparacaine, Cetacaine
- What is the most common local anesthetic? Onset? duration?
- Lidcaine, immediate onset, duration of 1-2 hours
- What local anesthetic is used in horses and has less tissue reaction?
- Mepivicaine
- What local anesthetic is fairly common, has a slower onset than Lidocaine and longer duration
- Bupivicaine
- What local anesthetic may be used in bovines?
- Procaine
- What local anesthetic is a ophthalmic topical?
- Proparacaine
- What local anesthetic used to be used for feline intubation but was found to cause Heinz body anemia?
- Cetacaine