comfort and pain
Terms
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- Subjective data to be collected by the nurse would include the mnemonic assessment?
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P- provoking factors or what makes the pain worse or releaves it,
Q-quality dull,sharp,crushing
R-region or radiation,site and radiation to other areas
S-severity or intensity
T- time onset, duration,frequency,cause - Name the factors that influence responses to pain?
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meaning of pain to the individual
degree of pain perception
past exp
cultural values
social expectations
physical and mental health
parental attitudes towards pain
setting in which pain occurs
fear,anxiety
usual way of responding to pain
age
preperation for pain context
health professional responces - compare superficial,somatic,and visceral pain
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superficial- skin and subcutaneous sharp,pricking,burning.
somatic-deep muscles and bones
sharp,dull,aching.
visceral- sharp dull and aching cramping. - unrelieved acute pain numerous negative consequences name them?
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Cardiovascular
Pulmonary
Gastrointestional - Misbeliefs about pain assessment and management are prevelent and preventwhat?
- effective care
- current understanding of pain mecechanisms has been devleoped from what theories?
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affect
specificity
gate-control theories - name the process by which a painful stimulus is perceived involves?
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transduction
transmission
modulation
perception - nociceptors are pain receptors that respond to?
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chemical
thermal
electrical
mechanical - Chemical stimuli is released by damaged tissues and include
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histamines
bradykinins
prostaglandins
acids - pain impulses are transmitted over what fibers?
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A-delta
C-fibers - A-delta and C-fibers are transmitted to what areas of the spinal cord?
- substantia gelatinosa of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
- Ascending spinal pathways in the ventral spinal cord carry inpulses to the?
- thalmus and cortex
- referred pain is felt in areas other than?
- those stimulated
- referred pain is a specific type of pain and is usually what type?
- viseral
- identify pain tolerance?
- maximum degree of pain intensity that the person is willing to endure before seeking relief
- pain responce is influenced by the degree of?
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pain perception
past exp
sociocultural values
health status
anxiety
age - pain caused by repeated noxious stimuli can?
- sensitize and change the nervous system
- identify side effects of opiod management?
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constipation
n/v
sedation
puritis
urinary retention - identify nursing management of side effects of opiod analgesics?
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stool softners
antimetics
assessment of resp status - nursing diagnosis for pain
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pain
chronic pain
knowledge deficit: pain management strategies - expected patient outcomes
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states pain is <4
demonstrates relaxed facial expression and body position and participates in activites
discuss concerns about asking for help and taking analgesics - adjuvant analgesics
- medications that were developed for uses other than analgesia.