OB Final
Terms
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- McClelland achievement-power theory
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-Need for Achievement:extend of success importance, desire to move up, concientiousness
-Need for Power:desire to have impact and influence, control, personal power
-Need for Affiliation:desire to get along with others, prefers to avoid confrontation - Maslow's hierarchy of needs
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Assumes that people act to satify their needs and resolve tension.
Self Actualization
Esteem
Belonging
Safety
Physiological - Examples of need in Bob Knowlton case:
- Control, belonging (affiliation), esteem, recognition
- Job Characteristics theory of motivation
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This describes the needs, nature, and characteristics of the job.
-Skill Variety
-Task Identity
-Task significance
-Autonomy
-Feedback
Job characteristics > psychological states > outcomes - Observations of Alligator River story
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-Groupthink
-Influence of thought (avoid feeling as the outcast)
-Definition discrepencies
-Prioritization - ERG theory
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-Existence:physiological and safety
-Relatedness needs:interpersonal, love, belonging
-Growth needs:need to confirm self-esteem and self-actualization - Trait approach to leadership
- Certain people are born with leadership qualities and only great leaders posses them. Traits: intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, sociability
- Behavioral approach to leadership
- Activities performed that display leadership. Actions of leaders towards subordinates in a variety of scenarios/contexts
- Process approach to leadership
- The process in which relationships between leaders and followers are formed
- Ohio State studies on leadership
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Initiating structure:task behaviors, organizing work, giving structure to work context, defining responsibilities
Consideration: building camaraderie, respect, trust, and liking between leaders and followers - University of Michigan studies on leadership
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Two types of leadership behaviors:
-Employee orientation:a strong human relations emphasis, an interest in workers as human beings, attention to individual needs
-Production orientation:stresses the technical and production aspects of a job, workers are viewed as a means of getting work accomplished - Leadership as a process
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an influence process that includes:
-Evaluating situation and people
-Formulating task objectives/strategies
-Influencing beliefs,abilities,competencies of people
-Shaping the culture of the organization - What is power
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The potential of an individual (or group) to have influence over another person or group.
-Positional power:formal authority, relevance, centrality, autonomy, visibility
-Personal power:expertise, track record, attractiveness - Advantages of process approach
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-Description of which are the great traits is not universal
-Behavior approach is limited in its consideration of follower & situation
-Contingency approach has some merity, but still relies on leader orientation
-Current research supports the generalizability of transformational & charismatic approach