Anatomy Lecture Test 1
Terms
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Anatomy - gross & microscopic
Physiology -
Anatomy is the study of body structure
gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy (histology), and developmental anatomy.
Physiology
the study of body function - Hierarchy of Structural Organization
- chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and the human organism itself.
- organ systems in the body
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integumentary (skin),
skeletal, muscular,
nervous, endocrine,
circulatory (cardiovascular & immune),
respiratory,
digestive,
urinary, and
reproductive systems -
Organ system
Organ Level -
Organ system – organs working together for a common purpose
Organ level – a discrete structure made up of more than one tissue, most contain all 4 types of tissues
Examples of organs – brain, liver, femur, and duodenum - The basic structures we share with all other vertebrate animals are the
- tube-within-a-tube body plan, bilateral symmetry, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord and vertebrae, segmentation, and pharyngeal pouches.
- dorsal vs Ventral
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dorsal cavity, subdivided into the cranial and vertebral cavities; and
ventral body cavity, subdivided into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavites. - Ventral Cavity contents
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Within the ventral cavity are the visceral organs (heart, lungs, intestines, kidneys, etc.)
three serous cavities: pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities. --cavities are lined by thin membranes, the parietal and visceral serosae (see Figure 1.9). The serosae produce a thin layer of lubricating fluid that decreases friction between moving organs. - Contents of thorasic cavity
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•Thoracic cavity – divided into three parts
•Two lateral parts each containing a lung surrounded by a pleural cavity
•Mediastinum – contains the heart surrounded by the pericardial sac and other major thoracic organs such as the esophagus & trachea, - Mediastinum
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Mediastinum –
contains the heart surrounded by the pericardial sac and other major thoracic organs such as the esophagus & trachea, - Diaphragm
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Diaphragm separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
inserts upon itself - Embryology
- 38 week prenatal period
- embroytic period
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body plan established
1st 8 weeks of of pre-natal development
est trunk mucscles, vert col, spinal cord, brain, digestive, respiratory tubes, serous cavaties, heart, kidneys, gonads, & limbs - zygote
- fertilized egg
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perichondrium
-peri
-chondrium - Perichondrium: A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps (invests) all cartilage, except the cartilage in joints which is covered by a synovial membrane. Peri- is a prefix borrowed from the Greek meaning "around or about" and "-chondrium" also comes from a Greek word "chondros" meaning "cartilage or gristle."
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Epidermis layers· From deep to superficial:
"Bad Skin Gets Little Calluses" -
Basale
Spinosum
Granulosum
Lucidum
Corneum -
Epidermis layers From superficial to deep:
"Come, Let's Get Sun Burned"
"Can Lori Get Some Gas?"
"Can Larry Get Some Beer?" -
Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale [Germinativum] -
Skull Bones
STEP OFf my skull
"STEP OF 6 "
· The 6 skull bones are: -
Sphenoid
Temporal
Ethmoid
Parietal
Occipital
Frontal -
Facial Bones
"Virgil Can Not Make My Pet Zebra Laugh!": -
Vomer
Conchae
Nasal
Maxilla
Mandible
Palatine
Zygomatic - Osteoblast vs. osteoclast
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OsteoBlast Builds bone.
OsteoClast Consumes bone. -
Vertebrae: number of facets
Thoracic -
a typical thoracic has
Typical Thoracic has Ten facets. - Tibia vs. fibula: which is lateral
- The FibuLA is LAteral.
- vertebral body shape:
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Thoracic is heart-shaped body since your heart is in your thorax.
Lumbar is kidney-bean shaped since kidneys are in lumbar area. - Elbow joint: radius vs. ulna ends
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CRAzy TULips:
Capitalum = ULnar
Trochlear = RAdius - Elbow joint: capitulum vs. trochlea
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CUTER:
Capitulum: Ulnar
Trochlea: Radial