Chapter 11 : Nervous system
Terms
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-
NAME
is the master controling and communicating system of the body - nervous system
- What are the functions of the nervous system? (3)
- (1)sensory input (2)integration (3) motor output
-
NAME
functions in sensory input, integration, and motor output - nervous system
- What does sensory input mean?
- monitoring stimuli occuring inside and outside of the body
-
NAME
monitoring stimul occuring inside and outside of the body - sensory input
- What is integration?
- is the interpretion of sensory input
-
NAME
is the interpreation of sensory input - integration
- What is motor output?
- response to stimuli by activating effector organs
-
NAME
is response to stimuli by activating effector organs - motor output
- Describe the process the of the nervous system if u want to drink a glass of water? (3)
- (1)sensory input (2)integration (3)motor output
- What does CNS stand for?
- central nervous system
- What are the parts of the CNS?
- (1)brain and spinal cord
-
NAME
is the integration and command center - CNS
- What is the CNS?
- is the integration and command center
-
NAME
includes the brain and spinal cord - CNS
- What does PNS stand For?
- peripheral nervous system
- What is the PNS?
- carries messages to and from the spinal cord and brain
-
NAME
carries messages to and from the spinal cord and brain - PNS
- What are the parts of the PNS?
- paired spinal and cranial nerves
-
NAME
includes paired spinal and cranial nerves - PNS
- What are the two functional divisions of the PNS?
- (1)sensory division (2)motor divison
-
NAME
the two parts of this system are the sensory division and the motor division - PNS
- Sensory division can also be called (1)
- afferent
- (1) can also be called afferent
- Sensory division
- Motor division can also be called (1)
- efferent
- (1) can also be called efferent
- motor divsion
- What fibers make up the sensory division? (2)
- (1)sensory afferent fibers (2)viscreal afferent fibers
-
NAME
this division of the PNS is made up of sensory afferent fibers and viscreal affrent fibers - sensory division
- What are sensery afferent fibers/
- carry impulses from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the brain
-
NAME
carry impulses from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the brain - sensory afferent fibers
- What are visceral afferent fibers?
- transmit impulses from visceral organs to the brain
-
NAME
transmit impulses from the visceral organs to the brain - visceral afferent fibers
- What is the motor divsion?
- transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs
-
NAME
transmits impulses from the CNS to effector ograns - motor division
- What are two divisions of the motor divison?
- (1)somatic nervous system (2)ANS
- What does ANS stand for?
- autonomic nervous system
-
NAME
is divided into the somatic nervous system and the ANS - motor division
- What is the somatic nervous system?
- conscious control of skeletal muscles
-
NAME
is resonsible for the conscious control of skeletal muscles - somatic nerves system
- What is the ANS?
- regulates smooth, cardiac muscle, and glands
-
NAME
regulates smooth, cardiac muscle, and glands - ANS
- What are the divsions of the ANS? (2)
- (1)sympathetic (2)parasympathetic
-
NAME
the divisons of this divison are sympathetic, and parasympathetic - ANS
- What are two prinicipl types of cells in the nervous system? (2)
- (1)neurons (2)supporting cells
- What are nuerons?
- exictable cells that transmit electrical signals
-
NAME
are exictable cells that transmit electrical singals - neurons
- What are supporting cells?
- cells that surround and wrap around nuerons
-
NAME
are cells that surround and wrap neurons - supporting cells
- Supporting cells can also be called (1) or (2)
- neuroglia or gila cells
- (1) cells can also be called neurogila or gila cells
- supporting cells
- What are the functions of supporting cells? (4)
- (1)provide a supportive scaffolding for nuerons (2)segregate and insulate neurons (3)guide young nuerons to the proper connection (4)promote health and growth
-
NAME
this cell provides a supportive scaffolding for neurons - supporting cells
-
NAME
segregate and insulate neurons - supporting cells
-
NAME
guide young neurons to the proper connections - supporting cells
-
NAME
promote health and growth - supporting cells
- What are neurogila?
- supporting cells
-
NAME
are supporting cells - neurogila
- What are astrocytes?
- they cling to nuerons and thier synaptic endings, and cover capillaries
-
NAME
are the most abundant, versatile, and highly branched glial cells - astrocytes
- What are neurons?
- are exictable cells that transmit electrical singals
-
NAME
are cells that surround and wrap around neurons - supporting cells
- What are the functions of neurogila? (3)
- (1)provide a supportive scaffolding for neurons (2)segregate and insulate neurons (3)guide young neurons to the proper connections (4)promote health and growth
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NAME NEURON
provides a supportive scaffolding the neuron - neurogila
-
NAME NEURON
segregate and insulates neurons - neurogila
-
NAME NEURON
guide young nuerons to the proper connections - Neurogila
-
NAME NEURON
promote health and growth - Neurogila
- (1) can be called neurogila or glial cells
- supporting cells
- supporting cells can be called (1) or (2)
- (1)neurogila (2)glial cells
-
NAME
they cling to neurons and thier synaptic endings, and cover the capillaries - astrocytes
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NAME
are the most abundant, verstaile, and highly branched glial cells - astrocytes
- Astrocytes are the most, (1) of (2)
- (1)abundant, verstaile, and highly branched (2)glial cells
- What are the functions of astrocytes?
- support and brace the neurons (2)achor the neurons to thier nutrient supplies (3)guide migration of young neurons (4)control the chemical environment
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NAME CELL
support and brace neurons - astrocytes
-
NAME CELL
anchor the neurons to thier nutrient supply - astrocytes
-
NAME CELL
guide migration of young neurons and control the chemical environment - astrocytes
- What are microgila?
- are phagocytes that monitor the health of nuerons
-
NAME
are phagocytes that monitor the health of neurons - microgila
- What are ependymal cells?
- they line the central cavities of the brain and spinal column
-
NAME
they line the central cavites of the brain and spinal column - ependymal cells
- Describe the shape/structure of microgila?
- are small ovoid cells w spiny processes
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NAME
are small, ovoid cells w spiny processes - microgila
- Describe the shape of ependymal cells?
- range in shape from sqaumous to columnar
- What are oligodendrocytes?
- are branched cells that wrap CNS nerve fibers
-
NAME
are branched cells that wrap CNS nerve fibers - oligodendrocytes
- What are schawnn cells?
- surround fibers of the PNS
-
NAME
surround fibers of the PNS - Schwann cells
- What are satellite cells?
- surround neurons cell bodies w gangila
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NAME
surround neurons cell bodies w gangila - satellite cells
- What are the structural units of the nervous system? (3)
- (1)body (2)axon (3)dendrites
-
NAME
is made up of body, axon, and dendrites - nervous system
- Describe the live of the nervous system?
- is long-lived amitioitic and has a high metabolic rate
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NAME
is long lived amitiotic and has a high metabolic rate - nervous system
- there is (1)singaling during devlopment
- cell to cell
- What plasma membrane function in nuerons is (2)
- (1)electrical singaling (2)cell to cell singaling during devlopment
- a Neurons (1) functions in electrical signaling and cell to cell signaling during development
- plasma membrane
- The nerve cell body contains the (1) and (2)
- (1)nucleus (2)nucleolus
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NAME
contains the nucleus and the nucelolus - nerve cell body
-
NAME
is the major biosynethic center - nerve cell body
- the nerve cell body is the major (1)
- biosynthetic center
- What is the focal point for the outgrowth of nueral processes?
- the nerve cell body
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NAME
is the focal point for the outgrowth of neural processes - the nerve cell body
- The nerve cell body is the focal point for the (1)
- outgrowth of neural processes
- Does the nerve cell body have centrioles?
- no
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T or F
the nerve cell body have centrioles - false
-
NAME
has no centrioles - the nerve cell body
-
NAME
contains a axon hilcok - the nerve cell body
- The nerve cell body also contain a (1)
- axon hilcok
- What is a axon hilcok?
- is a cone shaped area from which axons arise
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NAME
is a cone shaped area from which axons arise - axon hilcok
- What are processes?
- are armlike extensions from the soma
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NAME
are armlike extensions from the soma - processes
- What are the processes called in the CNS?
- tracts
-
NAME
are called tracts in the CNS - processes
-
NAME
are called nerves in the PNS - processes
- What are the processes called the PNS?
- nerves
- What are the two different types of processes?
- (1)axons (2)dendrites
- Describe dendrites?
- are short, tappering, and diffusely branched processes
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NAME
are short tappering, and diffusely branched processes - dendrites
- What are dendrites?
- they are receptive, or input, regions of the neuron
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NAME
are receptive, or input regions of the neuron - dendrites
-
NAME
in dendrties, electrical singals are conveyed as (1) - graded poteintals
- long axons are called (1)
- nerve fibers
- What are nerve fibers?
- are long axons
- What are axons?
- are slender processes of uniform diamter arising from the hilock
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NAME
are slender processes a of uniform diamter arising from the hilock - axons
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T or F
usally there is only one unbranched axon per neuron - true
- Usally there is (1) unbranched axon per nueron
- only one
- Are are axon collaterals common?
- no
- What are axon colletrals?
- are rare branches of axons
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NAME
are rare branches of axons - axon colletrals
- What is a axonal terminal?
- are branched terminus of an axon
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NAME
are branched terminus of an axon - axonal terminal
- What are the functions of axons? (2)
- (1)generate and transmit action potentials (2)secrete neurotransmitters from the axonal terminals
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NAME
generate and transmit action potenitals - axons
-
NAME
secrete neurotransmitters from the axonal terminals - axons
- What are two types of movement along the axon?
- (1)anterograde (2)retrograde
- What is anterograde?
- movement toward the axonal terminal
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NAME
is movement toward the axonal terminal - anterograde
- What is retrograde?
- is movement away from the axonal terminal
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NAME
is movement away from the axonal terminal - retrograde
- What is the myelin sheath?
- is whittsh, fatty segmented sheath around most long axons
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NAME
is whittish, fatty segmented sheath around most long axons - myelin sheaths
- What are the functions of myelin sheaths? (3)
- protect the axon (2)eletrically insulate fibers from one another (3)increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission
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NAME
protects the axon - myelin sheath
-
NAME
electrically insulate fibers from one another - myelin sheath
-
NAME
increase the speed of nerve impulses transmission - myelin sheath
- How are the myelin sheath and the neurilemma formed?
- by the schawann cells in the PNS
- (1) and (2) are formed by the schawann cells in the PNS
- myelin sheath
- What are three things that a schwann cell does? (3)
- (1)envelopes an axon through a trough (2)encoles the axon w its plasma membrane, (3)has concentric layers of membrane that make up the myelin sheath
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NAME
this cell will envelopes an axon in a trough, enclose the axon w its plasma membrane, and has concentric layers of membrane that make up the myelin sheath - schwann cells
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NAME
has concentric layers of membrane that make up the myelin sheath - schwann cells
- What are neurilemma?
- are the remaining nucleus and cytplasm of a schwann cell
-
NAME
are the ramaining nucleus of cytoplasm of a schwann cell - neurilemma
- Neurofibral Nodes are nodes of (1)
- ranvier
-
NAME
are nodes of the ranvier - neurofibral nodes
- What are neurofibral nodes?
- are gaps in myelin sheath btwn adjacent schwann cells
-
NAME
are gaps in myelin sheath btwn adjacent schwann cells - neurofibral nodes
- Neurofibral nodes are the site where (1)
- axon collaterals can emerge
-
NAME
are sites where axon collateral can emerge - neurofibral nodes
- What are unmyelinated axons?
- a schwann cell surrounds nerve fibers but coiling does not take place
-
NAME
a schwann cell surrounds nerve fibers but coiling does not take place - unmyelinated axons
- (1) paritally enclose 15 or more axons
- schwann cells
- what kinds of fibers does the CNS have? (2)
- myelinated and unmyelinated fibers
- How are myelin sheaths formed in teh CNS?
- by oligodendrocytes
-
NAME
in the CNS, this is formed by oligodendrocytes - myelin sheaths
-
NAME
nodes of Ranvier are wide spread and there is no nuerilemma - axons of the CNS
- Axons of the CNS, do they have nuerilemma?
- no
- What are two regions of the brain and spinal cord?
- (1)gray matter (2)white matter
- What is white matter?
- is a dense collection of mylinated fibers
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NAME
is a dense collection of myelinated fibers - white matter
- What are gray matter?
- are mostly soma and unmyelinated fibers
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NAME
are mostly soma and unmyelinated fibers - gray matter
- What are the different kinds of neurons based on strucutre? (3)
- (1)multipolar (2)bipolar (3)unipolar
- What are the different kinds of neurons based on function?(3)
- sensory (2)motor (3)interneurons
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NAME
include sensory, motor, and interneuron - functional nuerons
-
NAME
include multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar - structural nuerons
- What are sensory?
- transmit impulses toward the CNS
-
NAME
transmit impulses toward the CNS - sensory
-
NAME
carry impulses away from the CNS - motor
- What are motor?
- carry impulses away from the CNS
- What are interneurons?
- are shuttle singals through CNS pathways
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NAME
are shuttle singals through CNS pathways - interneurons
- Internuerons are also called (1)
- association nuerons
- (1) are also called association nuerons
- interneurons
- (1) are also called efferent
- motor
- Motor are also called (1)
- efferent
- (1) are also called sensory
- afferent
- Sensory are also called (1)
- afferent
-
NAME
are highly irritable - neurons
- Nuerons are highly (1)
- irritable
- What are action potiental or nerve impulses?
- (1)eletrical impulses carried along the length of axons nervous system
-
NAME
are eletrical impulses carried along the length of axons - action potentials
-
NAME
are always the same regardless of stimulus - action potential
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T or F
action potential or nerve impulses are the same regardless of stimulus - true
-
NAME
are the underlying functional feature of the nervous system - action potentials
- What is voltage?
- is the measure of the potential energy generated by separted charge
-
NAME
is the measure of the potential energy generated by separted charge - voltage
- What is potenital difference?
- is the voltage measured btwn two points
-
NAME
is the voltage measured btwn two points - potential difference
- V =
- voltage
- What is current?
- is the flow of eletrical charge btwn two points
-
NAME
is the flow of eletrical charge btwn two points - current
- I=
- current
- Draw how the nervous system is divided up
-
Nervous
PNS CNS
Sensory Motor
ANS Somatic NS
Parasympathic parasympathic - What is the difference btwn motor and sensory ?
- (1)sensory- transmits impulses toward CNS (2)motor= carrys impulses away from the CNS
- What is the difference btwn Schawenn cells and satellite cells? (2)
- (1)schawenn cells -surround fibers in the PNS (2)satellite cells- surround neurons cell bodies w gangilla