Marine Science Chapter 2 Vocabulary
Terms
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- Aqualung
- Compressed-air scuba device, used for underwater research.
- Ballast
- Heavy material carried in a vessel to provide desired draft and stability.
- Bar
- Pressure measurement equal to the air pressure at sea level, roughly equal to one atmosphere.
- Bathyscaphe
- Extremely deep diving underwater vessels that operate much like an autonomous blimp, descending and rising vertically without connection to the surface and with limited ability for horizontal movement.
- Bathysphere
- Extremely deep diving underwater vessel, connected to a support ship by a cable, only capable of vertical movement.
- Caisson Disease
- The name given to a variety of symptoms suffered by a person exposed to a reduction in the pressure surrounding their body. Caused by the release of dissolved nitrogen from the blood stream.
- Chronometer
- Sea going clock or watch used to determine longitude-time piece introduced in 1735 that would run accurately ever through rough seas.
- Circumnavigation
- To travel all the way around the Earth by boat or ship.
- Closed Circuit Scuba
- Scuba system that recirculates exhalation, rather than wasting exhalation as bubbles.
- Decompression
- The gradual reduction in atmospheric pressure experienced by divers.
- Decompression Sickness
- Originally known as "caisson disease", is the name given to a variety of symptoms suffered by a person exposed to a reduction in the pressure surrounding their body. Caused by the release of dissolved nitrogen from the blood stream.
- Decompression Stops
- The period of time a diver must spend at a constant depth in shallow water at the end of a dive to safely eliminate absorbed inert gases from the diver's body to avoid decompression sickness.
- Diving Bell
- A cable-suspended watertight chamber, open at the bottom, that is lowered underwater to operate as a means of transport for a small number of divers.
- Echo-sounding
- Technique of using sound pulses directed from the surface vertically down to measure the distance to the bottom by means of sound waves.
- Fauna
- A collective term for animal life of any particular region or time.
- Genera
- Major subdivision of a family or subfamily in the taxonomic classification of organisms, consisting of more than one species.
- Global Positioning System (GPS)
- A satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the US Department of Defense.
- Hard-hat Diving
- First practical dive equipment, named for its helmet that resembles a "Hard-hat".
- Hardsuit
- Used for "Hard-hat" diving, in which air was supplied from the surface through a tube.
- Heliox
- A breathing gas used by divers that is composed of a mixture of helium and oxygen.
- Hull
- The body of a ship or boat that provides the buoyancy that keeps the vessel from sinking.
- Hydrothermal Vent
- Deep ocean hot mineral springs found where tectonic plates meet.
- Hyperbaric Chamber
- Used as treatment for diving disorders involving decompression sickness. The chamber cures decompression sickness by increasing pressure
- Loran-C
- A navigation system using low frequency radio transmitters that use the time interval between radio signals received from three or more stations to determine the position of a ship.
- Maritime
- Refers to things relating to the sea.
- Meridian
- Longitude lines.
- Navigation
- The guidance of ships from place to place and the processes involved.
- Open Circuit Scuba
- Scuba system that delivers compressed air from a cylinder when you inhale, when you exhale the air then goes in to the water forming bubbles.
- Outrigger
- Part of a boat's rigging which is rigid and extends beyond the side of a boat.
- Oxygen Rebreather
- Type of breathing set found in closed circuit scuba equipment that provides a breathing gas containing oxygen and recycles exhaled gas.
- Parallel
- Latitude lines.
- Piloting
- Ocean navigation based on using visible shore references.
- Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV)
- Essentially an underwater robot that allows the operator to remain on a ship or in a submarine.
- Rudder
- Device used to steer ships.
- Seafaring
- Traveling by sea.
- Submersible
- Typically two- and three-person, independently self-propelled vessels that dive in moderate to deep depths.
- Support Vessels
- A ship that is used as a floating base for diving projects.
- Technical
- Discipline of technical diving adopted by research divers to extend their performance, depths, and times.
- Underwater Habitat
- Scientific diving operations of NOAA called Aquarius.