Med-Surg Nursing - 14
Terms
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- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
- the end stage of chronic HIV infection
- acute retroviral syndrome
- flu-like syndrome of fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, headache, malaise, nausea, muscle and joint pain, diarrhea, and/or a diffuse rash that generally occurs one to three weeks after the initial HIV infection
- AIDS-dementia complex
- dementia caused by HIV infection of the brain or HIV-related central nervous system problems caused by lymphoma, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes virus, Cryptococcus, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), dehydration, or medication side effects
- branched-chain DNA (bDNA) test
- a technique used to measure viral load in HIV infection
- CD4+ T cells (T helper cells, CD4+ T lymphocytes)
- T helper lymphocytes or CD4+ lymphocytes
- clades
- families of HIV-1, of which at least nine have been identified
- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- causative agent of HIV infection
- Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)
- a common type of neoplasm seen in HIV-infected patients that is thought to be caused by the human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) and can affect many organ systems, but lesions are most frequently seen on the skin and oral mucosa
- nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- drugs that combine with reverse transcriptase enzyme to block the process needed to convert HIV RNA into HIV DNA
- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- drugs that insert a bit of protein (a nucleoside) into the developing HIV DNA chain, blocking further development of the chain and leaving the production of the new strand of HIV DNA incomplete
- nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- drugs that inhibit the action of reverse transcriptase
- occupational exposure
- the contraction of an infection (e.g., HIV) through a job-related situation
- opportunistic diseases
- infections and cancers that occur in immunosuppressed patients that can lead to disability, disease, and death
- oral hairy leukoplakia
- an Epstein-Barr virus infection that causes painless, white, raised lesions on the lateral aspect of the tongue
- Pneumocystis carinii
- fungus commonly causing opportunistic pneumonia in those with HIV infection
- postexposure prophylaxis
- treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy upon exposure to HIV-infected fluids
- protease inhibitors
- drugs that prevent the protease enzyme from cutting HIV proteins into the proper lengths needed to allow viable virions to assemble and bud out from the cell membrane
- protease
- a type of enzyme necessary for completion of HIV replication within a cell
- retrovirus
- RNA viruses that replicate in a "backward" manner (going from RNA to DNA)
- reverse transcriptase
- enzyme that is present in retroviruses; allows for synthesis of DNA from RNA
- seroconversion
- development of antibodies following infection
- syncytium
- a multinucleated nonviable mass that destroys all affected cells
- viral load
- quantity of viral particles in a biologic sample
- viremia
- large amounts of virus in the blood, resulting from initial infection with a virus
- window period
- time period of two months after infection during which an infected individual will not test HIV-antibody positive