Med-Surg Nursing - 16
Terms
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- acidosis
- process that adds acid or eliminates base from body fluids
- active transport
- process in which molecules move across a membrane against a concentration gradient
- alkalosis
- process that adds base or eliminates acid from body fluids
- anions
- negatively charged ions
- buffers
- substances that act chemically to change strong acids into weaker acids or to bind acids to neutralize their effect
- cations
- positively charged ions
- diffusion
- the movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration
- electrolytes
- substances whose molecules dissociate or split into ions when placed in water
- facilitated diffusion
- the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration at an accelerated rate with the assistance of a specific carrier molecule
- fluid spacing
- the distribution of water in the body
- homeostasis
- the state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body, naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival
- hydrostatic pressure
- the force within a fluid compartment
- hypertonic
- solutions that increase the degree of osmotic pressure on a semipermeable membrane
- hypotonic
- solutions that have a lower concentration of solute than another solution, thus exerting less osmotic pressure on a semipermeable membrane
- ions
- electrically charged particles
- isotonic
- fluids having the same concentration of solute particles as another solution, thus exerting the same osmotic pressure on a semipermeable membrane
- oncotic pressure
- osmotic pressure exerted by colloids in solution
- osmolality
- the measure of the osmotic force of solute per unit of weight of solvent (mOsm/kg or mmol/kg)
- osmolarity
- the measure of the total milliosmoles of solute per unit of total volume of solution (mOsm/L)
- osmosis
- the movement of water between two compartments separated by a membrane permeable to water but not to a solute
- osmotic pressure
- amount of pressure required to stop the osmotic flow of water
- pH
- negative logarithm of the H+ concentration
- tetany
- increased nerve excitability and sustained muscle contraction that results from low calcium levels that allow sodium to move into excitable cells, increasing depolarization; low calcium levels affect the membrane potential
- valence
- the electrical charge of an ion