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Med-Surg Nursing - 27

Terms

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acute bronchitis
an inflammation of the lower respiratory tract that is usually due to infection
atelectasis
collapsed, airless alveoli
bronchiectasis
a disorder characterized by permanent, abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchi
chylothorax
lymphatic fluid in the pleural space due to a leak in the thoracic duct
community-acquired pneumonia
a lower respiratory tract infection of the lung parenchyma with onset in the community or during the first two days of hospitalization
empiric treatment
a method of treating disease based on observations and experience without always knowing the exact cause
empyema
accumulation of purulent exudate in the pleural cavity
fiberoptic bronchoscopy
diagnostic procedure that provides direct visualization of the bronchi and biopsy of tumors
flail chest
instability of the chest wall resulting from multiple rib fractures
hemothorax
accumulation of blood in the pleural space
hospital-acquired pneumonia
pneumonia occurring 48 hours or longer after hospital admission and not incubating at the time of hospitalization
lobectomy
surgical removal of one lobe of the lung
lung abscess
a pus-containing lesion of the lung parenchyma that results in a cavity formed by necrosis of lung tissue
nonsmall cell lung cancer
a histologic type of lung tumor that includes squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and undifferentiated large cell tumors
paraneoplastic syndrome
production of substances by lung tumor cells that alter hormonal, dermatologic, neuromuscular, vascular, hematologic, or connective tissue structure or function
pleural drainage systems
methods of draining fluids or blood from the pleural space to restore normal intrapleural pressure
pleural effusion
a collection of fluid in the pleural space
pleurisy (pleuritis)
inflammation of the pleura
pneumoconiosis
a general term for lung diseases caused by inhalation and retention of dust particles
pneumonectomy
surgical removal of an entire lung
pneumonia
an acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma usually caused by a microbial agent
pneumothorax
a collection of air or gas in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse
pulmonary edema
an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces of the lungs
pulmonary emboli
a thromboembolic occlusion of the pulmonary vasculature resulting from thrombi in the venous circulation or right side of the heart and from other sources, such as amniotic fluid, air, fat, bone marrow, and foreign IV material that travel as emboli until lodging in the pulmonary vessels
pulmonary hypertension
elevated pulmonary pressure resulting from an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance to blood flow through small arteries and arterioles
small cell lung cancer
a histologic type of lung cancer that is the most malignant and has the poorest prognosis
tension pneumothorax
a pneumothorax with rapid accumulation of air in the pleural space causing severely high intrapleural pressures with resultant tension on the heart and great vessels
thoracentesis
a procedure done to remove fluid from the pleural space
thoracotomy
surgical opening into the thoracic cavity
tuberculosis
an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; usually involves the lungs, but also occurs in the larynx, kidneys, bones, adrenal glands, lymph nodes, and meninges and can be disseminated throughout the body

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