Med-Surg Nursing - 30
Terms
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- anemia
- a manifestation of a pathologic process characterized by a reduction below normal in the number of erythrocytes, quantity of hemoglobin, and/or the volume of packed red cells (hematocrit) in the blood
- aplastic anemia
- a disease in which the patient has peripheral blood pancytopenia (decrease of all blood cell types) and hypocellular bone marrow
- autologous
- in transplantation, denotes removal of the patient's own tissue and the giving back of the tissue to that person
- disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- a serious bleeding disorder resulting from abnormally initiated and accelerated clotting
- hemachromatosis
- an autosomal recessive disease characterized by increased intestinal iron absorption and, as a result, increased tissue iron deposition
- hemolytic anemia
- an anemia caused by destruction of RBCs at a rate that exceeds production
- hemophilia
- hereditary bleeding disorders caused by defective or deficient clotting factors; classic hemophilia A is a sex-linked recessive genetic disorder caused by deficient factor VIII; hemophilia B is a deficiency of factor IX
- hepatomegaly
- an abnormal enlargement of the liver
- induction therapy
- the initial, aggressive stage of cancer treatment that attempts to destroy malignant cells and bring about a remission
- iron-deficiency anemia
- anemia caused by inadequate iron for hemoglobin production
- leukapharesis
- a process by which blood is withdrawn from a vein, white blood cells are selectively removed, and the remaining blood is reinfused into the donor
- leukemia
- general term used to describe a group of malignant disorders affecting the blood and blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow, lymph system, and spleen
- lymphadenopathy
- enlargement of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels
- lymphoblasts
- large, immature cells that normally develop into lymphocytes
- lymphocytic leukemia
- a defect in proliferation and maturation of lymphocytes
- megaloblastic anemias
- a group of disorders caused by impaired DNA synthesis and characterized by the presence of large red blood cells
- multiple myeloma
- a condition in which neoplastic plasma cells infiltrate the bone marrow and destroy bone
- myeloblasts
- large, immature cells that normally develop into granulocytes
- myelodysplastic syndrome
- a group of related hematologic disorders characterized by a change in the quantity and quality of bone marrow elements
- myelogenous leukemia
- a defect in proliferation and maturation of granulocytes
- non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms involving lymphoid tissue
- pernicious anemia
- a type of megaloblastic anemia resulting from inadequate gastric secretion of intrinsic factor necessary for absorption of cobalamin (vitamin B12)
- Philadelphia chromosome
- a translocation of the long arm of chromosome 22 to chromosome 9 found in the abnormal myeloblasts, erythroblasts, and megakaryoblasts of 90% of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia
- polycythemia
- the production and presence of increased numbers of red blood cells
- sickle cell crisis
- an exacerbation of sickle cell anemia when sickle cell hemoglobin assumes various crescent or sickle shapes, occluding small blood vessels
- sickle cell disease
- a group of inherited, autosomal recessive disorders characterized by the presence of an abnormal form of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte
- sickle cell hemoglobin
- abnormal hemoglobin that causes development of deformed crescent-shaped red blood cells when oxygen tension is lowered
- sickle cell trait
- a heterozygous state in which an individual has only one sickle cell gene paired with a normal hemoglobin gene
- splenomegaly
- an abnormal enlargement of the spleen
- thalassemia
- an autosomal recessive genetic disorder of inadequate production of normal hemoglobin
- thrombocytopenia
- a reduction of the platelet count below the normal range of 150,000 to 400,000/µl (150 to 400 × 109/L)