Biology Unit 4 2
Terms
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- Who kind of Monk was Gregor MEndel
- Franciscan Monk
- What did Gregor Mendel do?
- compared rapidly growing pea plants
- Unit or factors that carry traits
- Genes
- Trait that is always expressed... How is it expressed
- Dominant captial letter
- trait that is hidden by dominant traits.. How is it expressed
- Recessive Lowercase letter
- self fertilized pants with the samr traits generation after generation
- True Breeding or Pure Breed
- 2 parents w/ different traits are crossed
- Cross fertilized or Hybrid
- gene that codes for specific trait
- Allele
- How many Alleles do you get from each parent
- 1
- when both ALLeles are identical
- Homozygous.. GG
- when Allels are not identical
- Heterozygous.. Gg
-
combonation of genes/ Alleles
: what the DNA says - Genotype
- physical traits that are shown
- Phenotype
- How many Chromosomes do humans have? How many do you get from each parent
- 46:23
- HOw many pairs of chromosomes are similar in structure?
- 22- the 23rd pair are the sex chromosomes
- What will influence the phenotype or physical characteristics
- Genes and environment
- person that appears to be "normal," but carries the trait
- Carrier
- What are sex linked traits
- traits that are carried on the X chromosomes
- What are females sex chromosomes
- XX
- Male chromosomes
- XY
- What are some examples of sex linked traits
- hemophilia, color blindnes, male patteren baldness,
- Who determines the sex of the off spring and why
- MAle bacause they give either X or Y
- 2 or more traits that may be expressed at the same time (neither trait is dominant over the other)
- Codominance
- Which blood types are codominant? which is recessive
- A&B: O
-
A blood types are...
B
O -
A = AA or AO
B = BB or BO
O = OO most common blood type in USA - genes pairs that are neither dominant or reciessive
- Incomplete Dominance
- each of the 2 alleles for a trait seperate during meiosis
- Law of Segregation
-
>Alleles for a trait sort independently of genesfor other traits w/o regaurd to their origin
> Not all the chromosomes from a particular parent will end up in the same sperm or egg - Law of Independent Assortment
- process of cellular division which the chromosomes separate
- Meiosis
- tetrads line up in the middle of the cell
- Metaphase
- each chromosome seeks out the homologous chromosome and pair up to form a tetrad
- Prophase I
- portions of chromosomes overlap, break off, and reattach to the other sister chromatid
- Crossing over
- homologous chromosomes separate
- Anaphase I
- nuclear envelope partially reforms and the cell membrane separates
- TelophaseI and Cytokinesis
- 2 cells go through this, but there is no DNA replication
- Meiosis II
-
spindle fibers form
centrials move to opposite ebds of the cell - Prophase II
- sister chromatids lineup in the niddle of the cell
- Metaphase II
- halfthe number of original chromosomes
- haploid
-
>nuclear membrane reforms
>cell membrane pinches off
>4 new different cels are produced
>Each cell is hapliod - Telophase II and Cytokinesis
- Name the stages of Meiosis I
-
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I and Cytokinesis - Name the Stages of Meiosis II
-
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II and Cytokinesis