Pierson Quiz II Deck
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- Define developmental canalization.
- Developmental canalization is a process that buffers the organism against random changes.
- Give four facts about Gregor Mendel.
- Born 1822 & Died 1884 in Austro-Hungarian Empire Flunked out of an university in Vienna considered the founder of the science of genetics
- What does the theory of blending inheritance state?
- The theory of blending inheritance states the phenotype of the offspring will be an intermediate between the phenotype of the two parents.
- What was Mendel's first contribution?
- He falsified the theory of blending inheritance and substituted the theory of particulate inheritance.
- What is the scientific name for garden pea?
- Pisum Sativum
- Define the theory of particulate inheritance.
- The theory of particulate inheritance hypothesizes that all discrete particles are in a cell. Alternative forms of these particles account for genetic variation in inherited characteristics. Each particle has only one characteristic.
- Define probability.
- Probability is the number of ways an event can occur divided by the number of possible outcomes.
- What are two systems of sex determination?
- 1) Chromosomal 2) Environmental
- What are all the gender genotypes of Drosophila Melanogaster?
- XX - female XY - male XO - male (infertile)
- Why is XO genotype for fruit flies considered male?
- In fruit flies, it is the absence of the second X chromosome that makes it male.
- What are the genotypes of people with Turner's Syndrome and Klinefelter's Syndrome? Give gender also.
- XO - Turners (female) XXY - Klinefelters (male)
- In the WZ system give the genotype of the male and female.
- WZ - female WW - male
- Give an example of environmental sex determination.
- Alligators and turtles lack sex chromosomes. Their gender is determined through temperature.
- What is the mode of inheritance and symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
- Autosomal recessive; large secretions of mucus in the lungs
- What is the mode of inheritance and symptoms of Huntington's disease?
- Autosomal dominant; neural degeneration
- What is the mode of inheritance and symptoms of Red Green Colorblindness?
- X linked Recessive; inability to distinguish between red or green
- What is the mode of inheritance and symptoms of Hemophilia?
- X linked recessive; failure of blood to clot
- What is the mode of inheritance and symptoms for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?
- X linked recessive; atrophy of the muscles
- Define the product rule.
- The product rule states that the probability of the individual events both occurring at the same time is the product of their individual probabilities.
- How do we solve the dosage compensation problem?
- We solve the dosage compensation problem by the creation of Barr body. One of the X's is chosen at random and is hypercoiled.
- Tell two facts about the SRY genes.
- SRY genes determine maleness and is regarded as the testis determining factor.
- What are six things you have to label on the diagram labeled "Human Sex Chromosomes"?
- Pseudoautosomal Region 1 Pseudoautosomal Region 2 SRY gene Centromere Differential Region of X Differential Region of Y
- What is the goal of genetic analysis?
- The goal of genetic analysis is to identify all the genes that affect a specific phenotype and to understand their genetic, cellular, developmental and molecular roles.
- Define the concept of complete dominance.
- One allele is completely dominant to another when the heterozygote has the same phenotype as one of the two homozygotes.
- How do you determine which allele is dominant?
- The dominant allele is said to be found in the homozygote that has the same phenotype as the heterozygote.
- Define the concept of incomplete dominance.
- One allele is incompletely dominant to another allele when the heterozygote has a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygotes.
- Define the concept codominance.
- One allele is said to exhibit codominance with respect to another allele when each allele produces its full phenotype in the heterozygote.
- What is polymorphism in the loosest sense?
- Polymorphism in the loosest sense means there exists in a population more than one discretely different forms of a character.
- What is polymorphism in the strictest sense?
- In the strictest sense, polymorphism refers to the existence of more than one allele at a locus in a population. There must be at least two alleles in the group that have a proportion greater than 0.01.
- Define multiple allelism.
- Multiple allelism refers to the existence of more than two alleles at a locus.
- What is Mendel's Second Law?
- Mendel's Second Law (the principle of independent assortment) says that gene pairs on different chromosome pairs assort independently at meiosis.