Genetics Chapter 3
Terms
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- A change in a gene or chromosome.
- Mutation
- The process that occurs in sex cells by which the number of chromosomes is reduced in half.
- Meiosis
- A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles.
- Punnett Square
- The likelihood that a particular event will occur.
- Probability
- An allele that is masked when a dominate allele is present.
- Recessive Allele
- His work was the foundation for understanding why offspring have traits similiar to their parents.
- Gregor Mendel
- He was the first scientist to use probability to interpret his data.
- Gregor Mendel
- An organism that has two DIFFERENT alleles for a trait.
- Hybrid
- An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
- Dominant Allele
- RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm.
- Messenger RNA
- RNA in the cytoplasm that carries amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain.
- Transfer RNA
- An organism's physical apperance, or visible traits.
- Phenotype
- An organism's genetic makeup.
- Genotype
- According to this theory, genes are carried from parents to their offspring on chromosomes.
- Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
- Having two identical alleles for the same trait.
- Homozygous
- A condition in which neither of the two alleles of a gene are dominant or recessive.
- Codominance
- The passing of traits from parent to offspring
- Heredity
- What an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes
- Trait
- Having two different alleles for a trait.
- Heterozygous
- A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
- Gene
- An organism that always produces offspring with the SAME from of a trait as the parent.
- Purebred
- Having two diffeent alleles for a trait.
- Heterozygous
- Different forms of a gene
- Alleles
- Living thing
- Organism