CELL ORGANELLE *vu
Terms
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copy deck
- Array of the chromosomes found in an individual's cells arranged in order of size and shape
- Karyotype
- Condition in which a diploid cell has an extra chromosome.
- Trisomy
- A syndrome of congenital defects,especially mental retardation, resulting from an additional copy of chromosome21.
- Down syndrome
- Accident in chromosome separation when one daughter cell receives both chromosomes and the other daughter cell receives none.
- Nondisjunction
- Procedure in which a sample of amniotic fluid is withdrawn and tested of genetic abnormalities in a fetus.
- Amniocentesis
- Fetal-testing procedure in which pieces of the chorionic villi in a mother's uterus are removed and examined for genetic abnormalities.
- Chorionic villi sampling
- Change in the DNA of a gene or chromosome.
- Mutation
- Mutation in which a nucleotide or segment of DNA is lost.
- Deletion
- Form of mutation in which a chromosome contains an extra copy of a segment of DNA.
- Duplication
- Mutation in which a chromosome fragment rejoins its original chromosome with its nucleotides reversed.
- Inversion
- Form of mutation caused by a chromosome fragment joining a nonhomologous chromosome during cell division.
- Translocation
- A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex.
- Autosomes
- Cellular structure on which genes are located.
- Chromosome
- One of a pair of strands of DNA that make up a chromosome during meiosis or mitosis.
- Chromatid
- The two chromatids are attached by a protein disk at a point.
- Centromere
- Chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and the genes they carry.
- Homologous chromosomes
- Term used to indicate cell containing two homologues of each chromosome.
- Diploid
- Haploid cell that participates in fertilization by fusing with another haploid cell.
- Gamete
- Having only one set of chromosomes.
- Haploid
- Fertilized egg cell
- Zygote
- Chromosomes that differ between males and females.
- Sex chromosomes
- Form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring.
- Binary fission
- Repeating five-phase sequence of eukaryotic cell growth and division.
- Cell cycle
- Process in which the nucleus of a cell divides into two unclei, each with the same number and kind of chromosome.
- Mitosis
- Division of the cytoplasm.
- Cytokinesis
- Period of growth between two mitotic or meiotic divisions of a eukaryotic cell.
- Interphase
- Network of hollow protein cables that form between separated centrioles and move chromosomes apart.
- Spindle fibers
- Disk of protein on a chromosome's centromere to which microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis.
- Kinetochore
- An asexual,resting, reproductive,haploid cell.
- Spore
- The exchange of reciprocal segments of DNA by chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis;source of genetic recombination.
- Crossing over
- In meiosis,term used to indicate the reduction of the number of chromomsomes(by half)when the cytoplasm divides.
- Reduction division
- Section of chromosome that codes for a protein or RNA molecule.
- Gene
- Rearrangement of genetic material.
- Genetic recombination