Mr.Vu6PeRiOdLiLy

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Prophase is...: when chromosomes being condensing and become visible
What is Prophase I?: Prophase I is when the homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing-over happens.
Metaphase I is...: when the pairs of homologous chromosomes are moved by spindle fibers to the center of the cell.
What's a Centromere?: A centromere is the two chromatids are attached by a protein disk at a point which is the centromere.
What are homologous chromosomes?: Homologous chromosomes are the two copies of each chromosome.
What are Diploids?: A diploid is when a cell contains two homologues of each chromosome.
Inversion is when......: Sometimes the fragment reattaches to the original chromosome int he reverse orientation.
What is translocation?: Translocation is when the fragment may join a nonhomologous chromosome.
Autosomes are...: when the 23 pairs of chromosomes in human somatic cells and 22 pairs are the same in males and females.
True or False: Sex chromosomes are chromosomes that don't differ between males and females because they carry the genes that determine an individual's sex.: False
Sex chromosomes exist in what two forms?: Either as an X chromosome or as a shorter Y chromosome.
What is a bacterium?: A single, prokaryotic cell.
Binary fission is a form of..: asexyual reproduction that produces identical offspring.
A cell cycle is the...: life of a eukaryotic cell traditionally diagrammed.
Cell Cycle
G1> S > G2 > M > C
Mitosis is..: the process by which the nucleus of a cell is divided into two nuclei which each have the same number and kinds of chromosomes.
Cytokinesis is...: When the cytoplasm divides during this process.
Interphase is..: when a eukaryotic cell spends most of it's life int he G1, S, and G2 phases.
Spindles help...: move chromosomes apart
Spindle fiber is...: made of microtubules, long hollow tubes of protein.
A kinetochore is..: when a second group of microtubules extend out from a region of the centromere of each chromosome.
Metaphase is...: when the chromosomes move to the center of the cell and line up along the equator or the middle.
Anaphase is...: When the two chromatids physically separate when the centromere divides.
Telophase is...: when the chromosomes uncoil and a new nuclear envelope forms and when the spindle fibers break down, disappear and mitosis is finished.
Meiosis is..: the mechanism that halves the number of chromosomes in cells which forms a cell division.
What are spores?: SPores arehaploid cells that later lead to the production of gametes.
Crossing-over is....: when the arms of the chromosomes exchange reciprocal segments of DNA in this process.
What is Anaphase I?: When the homologues seperate and the chromatids do not separate at the centromeres and each chromosome is stillc omposed of the two chromatids joined by a centromere.
Reduction division is...: also called as Meiosis I
Telophase I is...: when the individuals gather at each of the two poels and forms new cells
What is genetic recombination?: The formation of new combinations of genes.
What is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)?: A long, thin molecule that determine's a cell's characteristics that contains the information needed to direct a cell's activities.
What is a gene?: Segment of DNA that transmits information from parents to offspring.
What happens when cells prepare to divide?: The DNA molecule coils and twists into a dense structure called a chromosome
What is a Chromosome?: A chromosome is a rod-shaped structure that forms when a single DNA molecule and it's proteins coil tightly before cell division.
What are Chromatids?: Chromatids are the two copies of each chromosome.
True or False You receive one homologue of each chromosome from your mother and the other from your father.: True
Are all cells diploid?: Nope
What are gametes?: Gametes are when egg cells and sper cells are haploid.
What are haploids?: A haploid cell contains only one homologue of each chromosome.
What is a diploid zygote?: A diploid zygote is the fusion of two haploid gametes.
What are zygotes?: Zygote is a fertilized egg cell the first cell of a new individual.
What is Monosomy?: Monosomy is the condition when a diploid cell is missing a chromosome.
What does being a haploid ensure?: Being a haploid ensures that when an egg and a sperm fuse the resulting zygote contains the characteristic diploid number of chromosomes for that certain organism.
How many chromosomes do human's have?: 46
True or False: A person doesn't need the characteristic number of chromosomes in his or her cells.: False
What is a trisomy?: Trisomy is the conditon in which a diploid cell has an extra chromosome.
What is a Karyotype?: A karyotype is the collection of chromosomes found in an individual's cell.
Down syndrome is when......???: When traits produced by having an extra copy of chromosome 21.
What is nondisjunction?: An accident in chromosome separation.
What is amniocentesis?: Amniocentesis is when a physician uses a needle and syringe to remove a small amount of the fluid from the amnion ( sac that surrounds the fetus).
What's a chorionic villi sampling?: When a physician analyzes a karyotype made using cells grown from a sample of the chrionic villi ( fingerlike extensions of the placenta that grow into the mother's uterus).
What is mutation?: Changes in an orgainism's genetic material.
True or False: Deletion is when a fragment of a chromosome breaks off, it can be lsot whent the celld ivides, causing a mutation.: True
What is duplication (a mutation)?: A duplication is when the chromosome fragment attaches to it's homologous chromosome which then carries two copies of a certain set of genes.

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