Chemistry: Bonds
Terms
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- valence electrons
- electrons in the highest occupies energy level of an elements atom
- electrons involved in chemical reactions are
- valence electrons
- Ionic bond is made of a
- -a metal and a non-metal
- ionic bonds are caused by
- the transfer of electrons
- characteristics of ionic bonds
-
-high boil and melting point
-can conduct electricity when disolved or molten
-usually crystalline solid - characteristics of metalic bonds
-
-they have free floating electrons
-good conductors
-malleable - metals are made of
- closely packed cations that are surrounded by mobile valence electorns
- alloy
- mixture composed of 2 or more elements- one is a metal
- single covalent bond
- one pair of electrons are shared
- covalent bond is
- shared electrons b/t nonmetals
- double and triple convalent bonds
- two/three shared pairs of electrons
- coordinate covalent bonds
- happens when the more electronegative atom donates electrons b/c it makes the compound more stable
- diamagnetic
- substance that is weakly repelled by a magnetic force
- paramagnetic
- substance that is strongly attracted to a magnetic field; these substances have molecules containing one or more unpaired electrons
- convalent bond
-
-non-metals
-sharing electrons - diatomic molecules are the only ones that
- have equal sharing of electrons
- all bonds have
- ionic and covalent properties
- molecular orbitals
- atomic orbitlas overlap when 2 atoms combine
- bonding orbitals
- molecular orbitals whose energy is lower than that of the atomic orbital from which it was formed
- sigma bond
- formed when 2 atomic orbitals combine to form a molecular orbital (they overlap) that is symmetrical along axis connecting the 2 atomic nucli
- pi bonds
- bonding electrons are found in sausage shaped regions above and below the nucli of the bonded atoms
- VSEPR Theory
-
valence shell electron repulsion theory
-electrons paris repel bonded pairs
-molecules adjust their shapes so that valence electron pairs are as far apart as possible - methane
- tetrahedral
- ammonia
- pyramidal
- water
- bent
- carbon dioxide
- linear
- ionic bonds are b/t a
- metal and non-metal
- ionic melt at a
- high temp
- ionics are a ___ conductor
- good when disolved or molten
- ionics do what with their electrons
- transfer electrons
- ionics state is
- solid--crystalline
- covalents are b/t a
- metal a non-metal
- covalent have a __ melting
- low melting point
- covalent are __ conductors
- poor conductors
- covalent do what with their electrons
- share electrons
- covalent state is
- solid, liquid, gas
- metalis is b/t
- metal and metal
- metalic have a __ melting
- high to low melting point
- metalics are __ conductors
- good conductors
- metalics electrons are
- free floating electrons
- metalics state is
- solid--crystalline
- polar are
- nonsymmetrical and have a + and - charge
- nonpolar are
- symmetrical
- ammonium carbonate
- NH[4](CO[3[)[2]
- pi bond
- bonding electrons form susage shaped regions above and below the atomic mucli
- CO2
- linear