Liberty Chemistry 1
Terms
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- Chemistry
- The study of matter
- Matter
- Physical material of the universe- anything that has a mass and occupies space
- Elements
- Cannot be decomposed into simpler substances
- Atoms
- The almost infinitesimally small building blocks of matter
- Molecules
- Two or more atoms are joined together in specific shapes
- States of Matter
- Gas, liquid, or solid
- Liquid
- Has a distinct volume independent of its container but has no specific shape
- Gas
- Has no fixed volume or shape
- Solid
- Has a definite shape and volume
- Pure Substance
- Matter that has distinct properties and a composition that doesn't vary from sample to sample.
- Compounds
- Substances composed of two or more elements ionically bonded
- Mixtures
- Combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity
- Law of Definite Composition
- The observaion that the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same
- Solutions
- Homogenous mixtures
- Physical Properties
- Properties that can be measured without changing the identity and composition of the substance.
- Chemical Properties
- Properties that describe the way a substance may change or react to form other substances. Atoms "rearrange" into new combinations in a chemical property or chemical change.
- Intensive Properties
- Propeties that do not depend on the amount of the sample being examined.
- Extensive Properties
- Properties of substances that depend on the quantity of the sample and include measurements of mass and volume.
- Physical Changes
- A change in which a substance changes its physical appearance, but not its composition.
- Changes of State
- Physical changes from different states (for example: liquid to solid)
- Chemical Changes
- Changes in which a substance is transformed into a chemically different substance. Involves the rearrangement of atoms into new combinations.
- Metric System
- The units of measurement used for scientific measurements.
- Precision
- A measure of how closely individual measurements agree with one another
- Accuracy
- How closely individual measurements agree with the correct value
- Conversion Factor
- A fraction whose numerator and denominator are the same quantity expressed in different units
- Scientific Method
- A dynamic process used to answer questions about our physical world. Typical steps include: 1. problem 2. hypothesis 3. controlled experiment 4. analysis 5. conclusion 6. verification