THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT 2
Terms
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- who explored child development as a function of trust
- Erik Erikson
- who explored child development as a function of Cognitive awareness
- Piaget
- who explored child development as a function of needs heirarchy
- Maslow
- who explored child development as a function of defense mechanisms
- freud
- What is denial
- a way of blocking external events from our awareness, to reduce negative impulses, anxiety,anger
- What is the problem with denial as a coping mechanism
-
stops recovery, unconcious act
denial keeps you suffering dependence - what is the problem faced when admitting a problem
- pain, it is necessary to recovery, but not perpetual like suffering
- what is repression
- a form of denial. "motivated forgetting"
- what is regression
- when a client goes back to an earlier stage to reduce the stress
- what is a technique to handle regression
- "count the cost"
- what is projection
- when a person projects what unacceptable attitudes/urgers they see in themselves onto someone else.
- what is reaction formation
- believing the opposite of something. "an abused child, goes to the abusing parent"
- what is rationalization
- ex " a father who hits his child, because he feels the child will benefit from the beating" "less intensive way to learn"
- according to piaget. what are the 4 basic levels of assimilation/accomodation we go through by age 12
-
sensory-motor-birth-2yrs "taken care of"
pre-operational-2-6 , "magical thinking"
concrete operational- 7-11yrs
formal operational 12yrs on - what is egocentrism
- only 1 perspective is reight for all events, despite contrary evidence.
- what is assimilation
- when you take new information and place it into existing categories. ie, child sees and associates that a dog has 4 legs, then when he sees another 4 legged animal he calls it a dog as well
- what is accomodation
- when a person develops a new category to handle new information. ie, cars diff than trucks
- chronic relapsers commonly use assimilation or accomodation as an excuse to relapse
- assimilation, because they already have a foundation.
- give three examples of "projection" or outward displacement
-
1. magical thinking--all sorts of irrational reasons for why things happen
2. Paranoid-"i know they are out to get me"
3.centration- inability to break a problem into its component parts "can only talk about one thing' "all eggs in one basket" - give 2 examples of "tunnel vision"
-
1. fixation-occurs by choice-"i don't feel like growing anymore, this far serves my needs"
2. Arrest-not by choice- traumatized, something happens to you that stops you from moving forward - what is an example of concrete thinking
- when a person is willing to look at new ways. they can listen to new ideas
- what percentage of the substance abuse population operates at the concrete level?
- 20% or less
- what is formal operational thinking
- "self reflection", using logical evidence to support abstract thinking
- what are the two techniques of formal operational thinking
-
1. inductive-"a to z" tell me the steps. The goal is to overwhelming
2. Z to a --"show me the goal" I;ll figure out the steps - what is Maslows 5 step heirarchy of needs
-
biological/physiological
safety needs
love needs
esteem
self actualization - what are examples of biological needs
- family support,sleep, eating reular,heat etc..
- safety needs
- domestic violence,running from someone,blackout drinker, overdose,sexual exposure
- love needs
- family relationships, displays of affection
- esteem needs
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independence, confidence,acceptance of their feelings,
sense of belonging - self-actualization
- profound self awareness, objective about their judgement,problem-solvers,connectedness,creative,inventive solutions
- what are the 8 psycho-social stages of TRUST, according to erikson
-
1.trust/mistrust--0-1yr
2. autonomy/shame--2-3yr
3.initiative/guilt--3-6yr
4.industry/inferiority--7-12yr
5. ego-identity/role confusion 12-18yr
6. intimacy/isolation- 20's
7. generativity/self absorption--20-50yrs
8. integrity/despair --50's - - what "trust" stage is the drug abuser commonly stuck in?
-
stages of industry/inferiority
and
stages of ego-identity / role confusion