Science Chapters 2.1- 2.2
Terms
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- What is an atom?
- the basic unit of matter
- 3 subatomic particles and their charge and location
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proton- positive charge, nucleus
neutron- no charge, nucleus
Electron- negative charge, outside the nucleus - why are atoms neutral despite having charged particles?
- becaus eatoms have an even amount of neutrons and protons and because the subatomic particles have equal but opposite charges
- chemiccle elements
- a pure substance that consists entirely one type of atom
- isotope
- atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain
- radioactive isotope
- their nuclei are unstable and break down at a constant rate over time
- chemical compound
- a substance formed by the chemical combonation of 2 or more elements in a definate preportion
- chemical bonds
- hold atoms in compunds together
- covalent bond and formation
- when the mvoing electrons are located in a region between the atoms where the orbitols of the atoms overlap, forms when electrons are shared between atoms
- ionic bond and formation
- when 1 or more electrons are transferred to another, the attraction between opposingly charged ions
- ion
- positively and negativly charged ion
- molecule
- the smallest unit of most compounds
- Van de Waals forces
- intermolecular forces
- suspension
- the materials that seperate instead of dissolve in water
- solution
- when ions gradually disperse through water
- solute
- the components of a sloution that are distributed throughout the solution
- solvent
- the substance in which the solute dissolves
- pH scale
- a measurement for inducation to the concentration of H+ ions in a solution
- acid
- any compund that forms h+ ions in a solution
- base
- a compund that produces hydroxide ions in a solution
- test tube rack
- holds test tubes
- bunsen burners
- heat objects
- Erlenmeyer flask
- holds, measures, and mixes liquads
- triple beam balance
- measures mass
- dissecting scissors
- cuts specimen to be studied
- spatula
- transfers material from place to place
- funnel
- transfers liquid from one container to another; filters materials with filter paper
- forceps
- grasps small objects
- petri dish
- shallow dish used for bacterial cultures
- dissecting pins
- holds specimen on dissection tray
- pipette
- transfers measured amount of liquid
- hand lens
- magnifies small objects
- metric ruler
- measures length
- safety goggles
- protects eyes from fire and chemicle
- grauated cylinder
- measures volumes of liquid
- test-tube
- holds liquids
- scalpel
- cuts specimen to be dissected
- coverslip
- covers material on a microscope slide
- beaker
- holds and measures volume of liquid
- mortar and pestile
- grinds and crushes material
- test-tube brush
- cleans test tubes
- thermometer
- measure temperature
- inoculating loop
- trancfers bacteria from one culture to another
- compund light microscope
- magnifies very small objects
- dropper pipette
- measures out drops of liquid
- dissecting tray
- holds specimen for dissection
- test-tube holder
- holds hot test tubes
- hot plate
- heats objects
- stirring rod
- stirs liquids
- microscope slide
- holds objects for examination with compund light microscope
- dissecting probe
- pointed object used to examine specimen