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Science and Society

Terms

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atom
a building block of all matter
a scientific test is called an
experiment
summa
an encyclopedia like document written by a scholastic
base metals
metals less valuable than gold
science
orderly knowledge demonstrated by repeatable tests
philosopher
a person who attempts to explain some aspect of man and the universe solely from natural logic or reasoning
scholastics
medieval men who catalogued the ideas of ancient philosophers
alchemy
the attempt to change base betals into gold my a mixture of science and magic
renaissance
the rebirth of true learning
aristotle
a philosopher who studied plants and animals. (not a true scientist)no experimentation
most common form of science was
alchemy
what are base metals?
tin, copper, or gold
Nicolas Copernicus
mathematician and astronomer. stated theory the earth is not the center of the universe.
Galileo
proved Copernicus theory correct!!
A Christian Renaissance scientist
Sir Isaac Newton
A negatively charged atomic particle
electron
Philosophy is not considered science because it lacks
experimentation
Democritus
believed that all things are made of tiny particles
Copernicus
polish mathematician, theory, earth is not the center of the univerce.
Isaac Newton
Three laws of motion, mathmatics for calculus, reflecting telescope
A positive atomic particls
proton
an individual animal or plant
organism
a group of animals or plants that have characteristics in common and are able to interbreed
species
a crippling desease, commonly known as polio
poliomyelitis
a neutral atomic particle
neutrom
the theory that all organisms develop from simpler organisms
evolution
who discovered the Law of Gravitation?
Newton
Who discovered vaccines?
Pasteur
Who discovered Atomic Theory?
Dalton
Who discovered the Three laws of motion?
Newton
Who showed spontaneous generation to be false?
Pasteur
Who discovered partial gas pressure laws?
Dalton
Who discovered disease-causing bacteria?
Pasteur
Who proposed that physical traits acquired after birth could be given to offsping?
LaMarck
What biologist thought that dinosaurs eventually developed wings from jumping out of trees?
LaMarck
The person who proposed that evolution as a scientific theory was?
Charles Darwin
* The medieval idea of evolution relates to this theory * Life generated itself from organic matter * Pasteur falsified this notion by demonstrated experiment These correspond the what?
Spontaneous generation
Two elements discovered by Marie Curie were?
Radium and Polonium
Who discovered the mathmatical relationship between energy and matter?
Albert Einstein
When was Alchemy practiced?
the Middle Ages
What theory did Copernicus introduce?
Heliocentric
LaMarck's idea:
inheritance of acquired characteristics
Dalton's idea:
tiny, solid, spherical atoms
Curie's idea:
radium and polonium
The statement that every object attracts every other object is:
The Law of Universal Gravitation
What happens when matter is converted in a nuclear reaction?
a large amount of energy is released
An explosive substance used in gunnery and blasting
Gunpowder
Scientist engaged in applying scientific principles to the invention or manufacturing of machines
engineer
Application of science to practical uses
technology
enlargement of material when heated
expansion
the manufacture of goods
industry
device fo producting electricity
generator
a device for viewing things which ar invisible to the unaided human eye
microscope
the name given by Leeuwenhoek to the microorganisms he viewed through his microscope
animalcules
a device used by the ancient Egyptians to fill their irrigation ditches from the Nile River
shaduf
large generator
dynamo
machine that separates seeds, hulls and foreign materials from cotton in quantity
cotton gin
man-made hill or ramp
inclined plane
change from an agricultural to industrial society in England (1750-1850)
Industrial Revolution
measure of stress at the moment of tearing apart
tensile strength
measure of pressure exerted on material
stress
device that used running water to grind grain
water mill
useful products are made in ??
industry
bridge building is the business of ??
civil engineers
an example of technology in the Bible is the building and construction of what?
Noah's Ark
Archaeology has shown that ancient man:
*had understanding of scientific principles *had understanding of mathematics *developed technologies which somehow were lost.
Who used long inclined planes to build pyramids?
Egyptians
How was some the technology and scientific knowledge lost in ancient times?
the great library in Alexandria, Egypt was destroyed.
How were grinding weat and sawing lumber made easier?
Water mill
What was possible because of the many inventions of the Middle Ages?
The Renaissance
One of the most momentous inventions of history?
Gutenberg's printing press.
What did Antony van Leeuwenhoek invent during the late Renaissance period?
The Microscope
The first book produced with movable type?
The Bible
What did Chinese technology invent?
gunpowder
What did Newcomen and Watt invent?
the Steam engine
What invention removes seeds?
the cotton gin
What Christian physicist invented the generator?
Michael Faraday
What was the major source of power before the generator was invented?
the steam engine.
What advances have resulted in improvements in communication?
Rocketry and space travel
The study of cells or microorganisms is called?
microbiology
the physical traits of an individual are inherited through information stored chemically in what?
genes
The process of duplication from pre-existing genes is called?
cloning
What factors are required for cloning?
DNA and a living plant or organism
Some major concerns of physical science are?
space exploration and national defense
Some major concerns of earth science are?
pollution, mineral location and new energy sources
Some major concerns of life science are?
microbiology advancements and cloning procedures
What is needed for the earth to sustain its human population?
Godly wisdom
What is the greatest prolbem nuclear power plants face?
desposal of reaioactive wastes
A substance that can be broken down by microorganisms is called?
biodegradable
natual gas, petroleum and coal are types of what?
fossil fuels
What type of measuring system to scientists use?
Metric system
What Greek philosopher called the smalled piece of matter an atom?
Democritus
Who invented the cotton gin?
Whitney
Who discovered radium and polonium?
Marie Curie
What invention made complex machines possible?
the wheel
What is a problem caused by technology?
pollution

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