LAB #1
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What is the purpose of the adjustment system?
- Raises and lowers the body tube for focusing on the specimen
- What are the objective lenses of a microscope?
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1)Low Power...10X...Green
2)High/Dry....40X...Yellow
3)Oil........100X...Red/Black - What are parts of the Adjustment system of a microscope?
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1)Coarse adjustment
2)Fine adjustment
3)Interpupillary distance knob - Describe the Ocular Lenses of a microscope
- Lenses through which the viewer uses to observe the specimen.
- What type of cloth should be used to clean a microscope?
- Lint-free cloth
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TRUE or FALSE
The coarse adjustment knob can be used on all objectives. -
FALSE
ONLY on low power objective - What is the quantity and unit of measure of the Unopette system?
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20 lambda (uL) - Describe the body tube of the microscope.
- tube through which light passes from the objectives to the ocular lenses
- When onboard ship, what cleaning and maintenance instructions would be used for operating a microscope?
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PMS-Preventive Maintenance
System/Schedule
MRC-Maintenance Report Card - What is the fine adjustment used for?
- Exact focus on the specimen
- What is the minimum and maximum amount of time that the dilution can stand for?
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At least 10 min. but no more than 3 hours.
- What is the coarse adjustment used for?
- Initially focus on specimen
- When can alcohol be used to clean a microscope?
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NEVER - The WBC Count is performed to determine how many WBC's in a sample of blood?
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Per cubic millimeter - What are the parts of the unopette system?
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1)Reservoir
2)Pipette
3)Pipette shield - How long should the specimen of blood be mixed for prior to diluting in the unopette system?
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1 minute - What are normal WBC values for adult males and females?
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4000 to 11,000 WBC/mm3 - Define Leukopenia
- Abnormally decreased WBC count
- How many times should the dilution of blood and acid in the reservoir be inverted to completely mix the dilution?
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10-15 times - What is the Neubauer Hemocytometer used for?
- WBC Counting
- What is used to clean the objective and ocular lenses?
- Lens paper and Lens cleaner
- What is the interpupillary distance control knob used for?
- To adjust the distance between the eyepieces
- The Manual WBC Count is used for what purpose(s)?
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1)Monitoring infections
2)Radiation and chemotherapy
3)Following the course of a disease process
4)Indication of leukocytosis/leukopenia
- How is the counting chamber loaded?
- By touching the tip of the pipette against the edge of the cover slip and the surfaces of the counting chamber (1-1.5 drops)
- What is the formula for determining WBC?
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(Total #/2) x 110% = #.#mm3 - What is the distance between the cover slip and hemocytometer platform?
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0.1mm - What is the purpose of placing a piece of dampened tissue in the petri dish?
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To keep the hemacytometer from drying out -
How do you know you have a properly loaded counting chamber?
- A thin, even film of fluid under the cover slip.
- Which cells in a square should be counted?
- The cells touching the top and on the left
- If the difference between the two chambers is greater than what number, does the test need to be repeated?
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20 - How long should be given for the cells to settle?
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10 minutes - What is the etiology of Leukopenia?
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1)Chronic disease/Idiopathic
2)Overwhelming infections
3)Anaphylactic Shock
4)Radiation/chemotherapy
5)Aplastic anemia
6)Drug induced
7)Bone marrow disease - Define Leukocytosis
- Abnormally increased WBC count
- What does the acid solution in the Unopette system, do to red blood cells?
- Hemolyzes the red cells
- What structures of the microscope are found in the illumination system?
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1) Light Source
2) Condenser
3) Iris Diaphragm - What are some common causes of Leukocytosis?
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1)Systemic or local infection
2)Highly variable
3)Not dianostic
- Define "Parafocal" of a microscope
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Focusing plane of one objective is the same or very close to other objectives
- What are some examples of diseases associated with Leukocytosis?
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1)Pneumonia...20-30,000
2)Meningitis...20-30,000
3)Appendicitis...10-30,000 - Define "Resolving Power" of a microscope
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1) The useful limit of magnification
2) Ability of the scope to distinguish two objects close to one another - What does the base of a microscope do?
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1) structure on which the microscope rests
2) houses power switch, illumination controls, field diaphragm and other various control switches depending on make and model - What microscope structures are found in the framework system?
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1) Base
2) Arm
3) Mechanical Stage - Name the four major systems of the microscope
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1)Framework System
2)Illumination System
3)Magnification System
4)Adjustment System - What is the purpose of the mechanical stage on a microscope?
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1)mechanical platform that supports the specimen being examined and moves the specimen on an X\Y axis
2)specimen holder, consists of spring-loaded clips or calipers, secures the specimen to the stage - What conditions can represent with an increased WBC of 15,000mm3 due to physiological conditions?
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1)Newborns
2)Pregnancy
3)Severe pain
4)Exercise
5)Cold baths
6)Emotional upset - What does the arm of a microscope do?
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supports the magnification and adjustment systems
- What is the purpose of the revolving nose piece?
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1) holds the objective lenses in place
2) turns to change objectives - Name some causes of increase/decreased WBC counts
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1)Diseases
2)Therapeutic treatments
3)Pregnancy (I)
4)Newborns (I)
5)Severe pain (I)
6)Exercise (I)
7)Cold bath (I)
8)Emotional upset (I) - The most common abnormal or pathological condition for Leukocytosis is?
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Leukemia/Cancer - What parts of the microscope are found in the magnification system?
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1)Revolving nose piece
2)Objective Lenses
3)Body Tube
4)Ocular Lenses -
What does the light source of a microscope do?
- A built-in light source usually a halogen bulb housed in the back end of the base
- What is the purpose of the Unopette system?
- A method for standardization and dilution of blood and other body fluids for increased safety, accuracy, and precision
- What is the purpose of the iris diaphragm?
- controls the amount of light reaching the condenser
- What is the job of the condenser of a microscope?
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1) compact lens system between the light source and the stage
2) concentrates the light and provides a cone of light