Medical Terminology: Chapter 15
Terms
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calc/o
calci/o - calcium
- kyph/o
- humpback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)
- lamin/o
- lamina (part of the vertebral arch)
- lord/o
- curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)
- lumb/o
- loins, lower back
- myel/o
- bone marrow
- orth/o
- straight
- oste/o
- bone
- scoli/o
- crooked, bent (lateral curvature)
- spondyl/o (used to make words about conditions of the structure)
- vertebra
- vertebr/o (used to describe the structure)
- vertebra
- -blast
- embryonic or immature cell
- -clast
- to break
- -listhesis
- slipping
- -malacia
- softening
- -physis
- to grow
- -porosis
- pore, passage
- -tome
- instrument to cut
- acetabul/o
- acetabulum (hip socket)
- calcane/o
- calcaneus (heel bone)
- carp/o
- carpals (wrist bones)
- clavicul/o
- clavicle (collar bone)
- cost/o
- ribs (true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs)
- crani/o
- cranium
- femor/o
- femur (thigh bone)
- fibul/o
- fibula (smaller lower leg bone)
- humer/o
- humerus (upper arm bone)
- ili/o
- ilium (upper part f pelvic bone)
- isch/o
- ischium (posterior part of pelvic bone)
- malleol/o
- malleolus (process on each side of the ankle)
- mandibul/o
- mandible (lower jaw bone)
- maxill/o
- maxilla (upper jaw bone)
- metacarp/o
- metacarpals (hand bones)
- metatars/o
- metatarsals (foot bones)
- olecran/o
- olecranon (elbow)
- patell/o
- patella (kneecap)
- pelv/i
- pelvis (hipbone)
- perone/o
- fibula
- phalang/o
- phalanges (finger and/or toe bones)
- pub/o
- pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bones)
- radi/o
- radius (lower arm bone-thumb side)
- scapul/o
- scapula (shoulder bone)
- stern/o
- sternum (breastbone)
- tars/o
- tarsals (bones of the hindfoot)
- tibi/o
- tibia (shin bone)
- uln/o
- ulna (lower arm bone - little finger side)
- fasci/o
- fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)
- fibr/o
- fibrous connective tissue
- leiomy/o
- smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs
- my/o
- muscle
- myocardi/o
- heart muscle
- myos/o
- muscle
- plant/o
- sole of the foot
- rhabdomy/o
- skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones
- -asthenia
- lack of strength
- -trophy
- development, nourishment
- ab-
- away from
- ad-
- toward
- dorsi-
- back
- poly-
- many, much
- acetabulum
- Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis, which joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint.
- acromion
- Outward extension of the shoulder bone forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle.
- articular cartilage
- Thin layer of cartilage occurring at the ends of long bones and covering any part of any bone that comes together with another bone to form a joint.
- bone
- Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton. Examples are long bone (femur), short bones (carpals), flat bones (scapula), and sesamoid bones (patella).
- calcium
- One of the mineral constituents of bone. Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones.
- cancellous bone
- Spongy, porous, trabecular bone.
- cartilaginous tissue (cartilage)
- Flexible, rubbery connective tissue. It is found in the immature skeleton at the epiphyseal growth plate and on joint surfaces.
- collagen
- Dense connective tissue strands found in bone.
- compact bone
- Hard, dense bone tissue
- condyle
- Knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint.
- cranial bones
- Skull bones; ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal.
- diaphysis
- Shaft, or midportion, of a long bone.
- disk (disc)
- Flat, round, plate-like structure. An intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae.
- epiphyseal plate
- Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton.
- epiphysis
- Each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate.
- facial bones
- Bones of the face; lacrimal, mandible, maxillae, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic
- fissure
- Narrow, slit-like opening in or between bones.
- fontanelle
- Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant.
- foramen
- Opening or passage in bones where blood vessels, nerves, or both enter and leave. The foramen magnum is the opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
- fossa
- Shallow cavity in bone.
- Haversian canals
- Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone.
- malleolus
- Round process on both sides of the ankle joint. The lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, and the medial malleolus is part of the tibia.
- Manubrium
- Upper portion of the sternum; articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle.
- Mastoid process
- Round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear.
- medullary cavity
- Central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone.
- metaphysis
- The flared portion of a long bone, lying between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate (meta-means between)
- olecranon
- Large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow.
- osseous tissue
- bone tissue
- ossification
- Process of bone formation
- osteoblast
- Bone cell that helps form bone tissue.
- Osteoclast
- Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue.
- Periosteum
- Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue.
- Phosphorus
- Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium.
- pubic symphysis
- Area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones. They are joined (sym-means together, -physis means to grow) by a fibrocartilaginous disc.
- red bone marrow
- Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis
- ribs
- These 24 elongated, curved bones from the bony wall of the chest.
- sella turcica
- Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located.
- sinus
- Hollow cavity within a bone.
- styloid process
- Pole-like process on the temporal bone.
- suture
- Joint between bones, such as the skull.
- temporomandibular joint
- Connection between the temporal base of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw.
- trabeculae
- Supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone.
- trochanter
- Large process on lateral proximal aspect of the femur; attachment site for muscles and tendons.
- tubercle
- Rounded process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons.
- tuberosity
- Rounded process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons.
- vertebra
- An individual backbone composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, lamina and neural canal
- xiphoid process
- Lower, narrow portion of the sternum.
- yellow bone marrow
- Fatty tissue found in the diaphyses of long bones in older individuals.