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Science : Rocks

Terms

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How are rocks classified?
Rocks are classified by the way they are formed.
Marble
Marble forms when limestone is squeezed and heated.

Artists use marble for statues.
What are the 3 rock classifications?
There are three rock classifications...
- igneous,
- sedimentary, and
- metamorphic.
sediment
Sediment is the material that is dropped when moving water slows down.

When erosion is caused by water, over time the pieces of rock drop to the bottoms of streams, lakes, or rivers.

In what type of rock can fossils be found?
Fossils are commonly found in sedimentary rock.
magma
Magma is melted rock that stays below the Earth's surface.
sedimentary rock
is rock formed by layers of sediments squeezed and stuck together over a long period of time.
Gneiss and Schist
Gneiss and schist are formed when mountains are built up.

Schist has wavy lines and splits into layers.

Gneiss is made when schist is heated and squeezed more. Gneiss has bands of light and dark minerals.
metamorphic rock
Metamorphic rock is a rock formed when heat and pressure change rocks.

Metamorphic rock can be formed from any kind of rock; sedimentary, igneous or even other metamorphic rocks.
Limestone
Limestone is a fine-grained sedimentary rock made mostly of calcite.

Limestone forms in oceans, sometimes from seashells. Some kinds of limestone form in lakes.

erosion
The movement of weathered pieces of rock from one place to another is erosion.


After rocks sre weathered into small pieces,
blowing winds, flowing water, gravity, or slow moving glaciers often move weathered rock pieces from one place to another. (erosion)
Obsidian
Forms from lava. The lava cools so quickly that the rock looks like black glass.
When obsidian breaks, sharp edges form.
minerals
Minerals are a natural, solid material with particles arranged in a repeating pattern.

Conglomerate
sedimentary rock formed from large pieces of weathered rock moved by water.

Conglomerate rock is round and smooth and found in shallow water.

What is the rock cycle?
The rock cycle is the slow never-ending process of rock changes.


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Granite
Granite is common igneous rock that form when magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface.

Granite is a strong rock that lasts for a long time because the minerals are joined together tightly.

Granite is made of feldspar, quartz, and mica.
Basalt
Basalt, the most common igneous rock that forms from lava at Earth's surface. Basalt is a fine mineral grained rock, because it is formed on the Earth's surface.
Siltstone
Siltstone is sedimentary rock that is made up of smaller sediments.

Smaller sediments are carried farther by water and dropped
later.
Gabbro
An igneous rock with larger grains of minerals. Gabbro has the same composition as Basalt, but larger mineral grains because it is formed inside Earth instead of on the surface.
Describe the rock cycle.
.
Sandstone
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock made up of bits rocks and minerals the size of sand.

Sandstones are usually made of the mineral quartz.

Some sandstones are smooth and some are course.
What are some of the processes in the rock cycle?
Processes in the rock cycle are...
weathering,
erosion,
melting,
compaction, and
cementation.
Sedimentary Rocks
Conglomerate
Limestone
Siltstone
Sandstone
Shale
Shale
Shale is fine grained sedimentary rock made of very small sediments.

So small you may need a microscope.
Pumice
Pumice is an igneous rock that has tiny holes caused by gases escaping from the lava as it cools. It is rough and scratchy.
igneous rock
Igneous rock is formed when completely melted rock hardens.
Slate
Slate forms from shale that has been put under great pressure.

Slate is used for chalkboards and roofs.
What is a rock?
A rock is material made up of one or more minerals.
Igneous Rocks
Basalt
Gabbro
Pumice
Obsidian
weathering
The process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces. Wind, water, ice and plant roots cause weathering.
Metamorphic Rocks
Marble
Slate
Quartzite
Quartzite
Quartzite forms from sandstone when heat melts the sand grains together.

Quartzite is usually a milky color but other minerals could give it a gray or pink color.

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