AP Biology Ecology Test
Terms
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- Organismal Ecology
- behavioral, morphological, physiological respones of an organisms to its biotic/abiotic environment
- Population Ecology
- growth and regulation of population size
- Community Ecology
- Interactions such as predator-prey and competition that affect community structure
- Ecosystem Ecology
- energy flow and chemical cycles
- Landscape Ecology
- interactions among linked ecosystems
- dispersal
- helps in comprehending both geographic isolation in evolution and broad patterns of current geographic distrubution
- Accidentally introduced species into US that were bad
- Zebra Mussel
- Purposefully introduced species into US that were bad
- African Honeybee
- How temperature affects distribution
- most cannot maintain body temps different than ambient temps
- How water affects distribution
- Must maintain water balance, must obtain/conserve enough water
- How Sunlight affects distribution
- ORganisms require for energy, photosynthesis
- How wind affects distribution
- Increases rate heat/water loss, plant morphology
- Affect of Rocks and Soil on distribution
- physical structure/ph/minerals affect distribution of all
- Climate includes
- Temperature, Water, Light, Wind
- Biomes
- major types of ecosystems found in broad geographic regions
- what affects Earth's seasons
- tilt and shape
- Tropics recieve _____ amt and ____ variation
- great amt, little variation
- Strong solar radiation near equator causes
- global circulation of air (precipitation and winds)
- mountains affect solar radiation how?
- southern side of mtns get most sunlight
- how do mtns affect temperature?
- southern side is warmer and drier, the higher above sea level, the colder it becomes
- how do mtns affect rainfall?
- Rain collects over the sea, falls on windward side of range, leeward side is cool and dry --> desert
- turnover
- brings oxegynated water from surface to bottom and nutrient water fom nottom to surface in spring and autumn
- winter has ___ oxygen at surface
- medium, high in middle
- summer has ___ oxygen at surface
- high, very little medium content, low at bottom
- microclimate
- climate on a small scale, differences in abiotic features, affect distribution
- marine biomes have at least __ % salt concentration
- 3 %, <1% in freshwater
- evaporation of seawater provides what
- rainfall
- ovean temps have affect on
- world climate and wind patterns
- photic zone
- enough light for photosynthesis
- aphotic zone
- litttle light for photosynthesis
- thermocline
- separates warm surface waters from cold deep water
- benthic zone
- bottom substrate, home to benthos which is fed by detritus
- littoral zone
- shallow waters close to shore
- limnetic zone
- occupied by plankton, open surface farther from shore
- profundal zone
- detritus sinks to, deep aphotic and benthic
- oligotrophic lakes
- deep, clear, nutrient poor, non reproductive
- eutrophic lakes
- shallow, nutrient rich, large productive communities
- mesotrophic lakes
- moderate nutrients/plankton
- wetland
- area covered with water that supports aquatic plants
- estuary
- area where freshwater stream or river merges with the ocean, very productive biome
- intertidal zone
- where land meets water
- neritic zone
- shallower regions over the continental shelves
- oceanic zone
- past the continental shelf, reaching very great depths
- pelagic zone
- open water of any depth
- coral reefs are made of
- hard skeletal structures of calcim carbonate
- ocean pelagic biome
- constantly mixed by ocean currents, most of oceans waters far from shore
- abyssal zone
- very deep benthic communities, cold, high water presure, no light, no nutrients
- deep sea hydrothermal vents
- dark, hot, O poor, volcanic activitylike
- canopy
- uppermost layer of vegetation
- vertical stratification
- layering in a forest, different envirnments
- permafrost
- root layer in artic tundra shallow
- rtropical forests
- variations in rainfall --> t. dry , t. deciduous, t. rain
- savannas
- grasslands, restricted vegetation by fires large mammals
- deserts
- hot or cold dry
- chaparral
- mild, rainy winters, hot dry summers, densy spiny evergreen shrubs dominate
- temperate grasslands
- deep/rich soil w/ nutrients
- temperate decidious forests
- midlatitude regions, adequate moisture
- coniferous forest
- harsh winters, heavy snowfall
- tundra
- dwarfed vegetation, cold