Drug Class - Antiemetics
Terms
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- Which antiemetic groups are used to manage nausea and vomiting of many causes, including surgery, anesthesia and antineoplastic and radiation therapy?
-
5-HT3 antagonists
phenothiazines
miscellaneous
metoclopramide
trimethobenzamide - Which antihistamine and miscellaneous drugs are used exclusively to prevent motion sickness?
-
antihistamines
dimenhydrinate
scopolamine
miscellaneous
meclizine - Which group acts on the chemoreceptor trigger zone to inhibit nausea and vomiting?
- phenothiazines
- Contraindications?
- previous hypersensitivity
- Use which group cautiously in children who may have viral illnesses?
- phenothiazines
- No agents are approved for safe use in pregnancy.
- okay
- Antiemetics have additive CNS depression with other CNS depressants which include? (4)
-
antidepressants
antihistamines
opioid analgesics
sedative / hypnotics - Phenothiazines may produce ______ when used with antihypertensives, nitrates, or acute ingestion of alcohol.
- hypotension
- What 4 things should be assessed before and following administration of antiemetics?
-
nausea
vomiting
bowel sounds
abdominal pain - What should be monitored while on antiemetics?
-
hydration status
intake and output - Patients with severe nausea and vomiting may require ____ _____ in addition to antiemetics.
- IV fluids
-
Potential Nursing Diagnoses?
(3) -
Fluid volume deficit
Nutrition, altered; less than
body requirements
Injury, risk for - For prophylactic administration, follow directions for specific drugs so that peak effect _______ to time of anticipated nausea.
- corresponds
- _________ should be discontinued 48 hours before and not resumed for 24 hours following myelography, as they lower seizure threshold.
- Phenothiazines
- What general measures can be taught to patient and family to decrease nausea?
-
sips of liquids
small, nongreasy meals
oral hygiene
remove noxious stimuli from
environment - Antiemetics may cause drowsiness.
- okay
- Effectiveness of therapy can be demonstrated by?
- prevention of, or decrease in,nausea and vomiting
- Name 4 groups of antiemetics?
-
antihistamines
5-HT3 antagonists
phenothiazines
miscellaneous - Name 2 antihistamines?
-
dimenhydrinate
{Apo-Dimenhydrinate}, Calm X, Dimetabs, Dinate, Dramamine, Dramanate, {Gravol}, Hydarte, {PMS-Dimenhydrinate}, {Traveltabs}, Triptone Caplets
meclizine Antivert, Antrizine, {Bonamine}, Bonine, Dramamine Less Drowsy Formula, Meni-D, Vergon - Name 3 5-HT3 antagonists?
-
dolasetron Anzemet
granisetron Kytril
ondansetron Zofran - Name 4 phenothiazines?
-
chlorpromazine Thorazine
prochlorperazine Compazine, {Stemetil}, Ultrazine
promethazine Anergan, Antinaus, {Histanil}, Pentazine, Phenazine, Phencen-50, Phenergan, Phenergan Fortis, Phenergan Plain, Phenerzine, Phenoject, Pro-50, Promacot, Pro-Med, Promet, Prorex, Prothazine, Shogan, V-Gan
thiethylperazine Norzine, Torecan - Name 4 miscellaneous drugs?
-
droperidol Inapsine
metoclopramide {Apo-Metoclop}, Clopra, {Emex}, {Maxeran}, Octamide, Octamide-PFS, Reclomide, Reglan
scopolamine Isopto Hyoscine, Transderm-Scp, {Transderm-V}
trimethobenzamide Benzacot, Stemetic, Tebamide, Tigan, Tribenzagam, Trimazide