Modern Civ Ch 8
Terms
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- Konrad Adenauer
- a German who had administrative experience but had not been tainted by association with the Nazis for positions of leadership; founding father of West German; leader of the Christian Democratic Union
- Clement Atlee
- represented Britain’s Labour Party at Potsdam
- Aduard Benes
- president of Czechoslovakia , the only democratic government that coexisted with the S.U.
- Winston Churchill
- represented Britain at Potsdam; “iron curtain†speech; defeated by Atlee in elections; Prime minister until 1955 again; involved in Congress of Europe which was the first path to political and economic unification of Europe
- Ho Chi Minh
- affiliated with the Comintern; created the Viet Minh, a broadly based nationalist movement heavily influenced by Vietnamese communists;
- Mohandas Gandhi
- tried to keep India intact before Pakistan was carved out of it
- George F. Kennan
- wrote the “Long Telegram†from the U.S. Embassy in Moscow; idea of containment came from this
- Kim Il Sung
- North Korean communist and nationalist who tried to reunited the peninsula;
- Douglas MacArthur
- U.S. commander of the occupation administration in Japan; tried to reestablish a tradition of parliamentary democracy
- George C. Marshall
- Secretary of State under Truman who helped with economic and social recovery of Europe
- Mao Zedong
- Chinese Communist Party under him shaped Cold War in 2 ways: formed People’s Republic of China; his ideas and revolutionary romanticism associated with his past acocmplishemtnes heightened a fear that ever national liberation movement would end up as a communist victory
- Jan Masaryk
- Czech foreign minister and son of founder of the Republic who died in a mysterious fall from his office window in 1948 iun the process of replacing a democratic coalition government with a communist one
- Achmad Sukharno
- destroyed power vacuum in the Dutch East Indieas until Indonesian nationalists declared independence in 1945
- Harry Truman
- President of U.S. at Potsdam Conference in 1945; Truman doctrine said that the U.S. woudl ehlp any government threatened by invasion from without or subversion from within
- Israeli War of 1948-49
- Israeli War of 1948-49– The Arabs attempted to destroy Israel when the British left; Israel defeated them; terrorism and war began to take place for 50 years
- Battle of Dien Bien Phu
- French attempted to defeat the Viet Minh deciseively here; Americans refused to intervene; caused division of Vietnam
- Bizonia
- 1947, the British and American German zones fused into a single economic anbd administrative unit; eventually formed West Germany
- Berlin blockade
- June 23 1948 to May 12 1949; a visible sign of increasing Cold War tension
- Berlin airlift
- the counter-tactic to the Berlin blockade
- Brussels Treaty
- produced NATO; signed by Britain France, Belgium Luxembourg and the Netherlands; Europeans agrreed to the formation of an informal American empire in the interests of collective security
- colons
- Europeans who lived in Algeria controlling it economy and government;
- Cominform
- successor to the Cominterm; established with headquarters in Yugo; evidence of a communist movement; main taks was to tighten Soviet control of eastern Europe
- containment
- came from “The Long Telegram; idea that the S.U. respected strength and would back down if U.S. met every move with a countermove;
- Czech coup (1948)
- Feb 1948; symbolized the phenomenon of tightening Soviet control in eastern Europe
- Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)
- the West zone; zone officially set in 1949
- Geneva Conference (1954)
- the Russians and the Chinese pressed the Viet Minh to accept a division of Vietnam into a non-communist and communist government; elections would be held in 1956 to unite Vietnam supposedly
- German Democratic Republic (GDR)
- the east communist zone in 1949
- “Iron Curtainâ€
- Churchill’s speech in 1946 marked the beginning; 1990, it was over
- Korean War
- one of the Asian developments that contr. to Cold War; Kim Il Sung tried to unite the peninsula
- “Long Telegramâ€
- George F. Kennan sent an 8000 word telegram detailing his sense of how Russians viewed their history and the present moment; came up with idea of containment
- Lublin Poles
- the new Polish communist government, installed in 1945 by the Soviets
- Manhattan Project
- American efforts to build a bomb; Stalin knew a good deal about it through reports sent to S.U. by spies;
- Marshall Plan
- the economic counterpart to the Truman Doctrine; Marshall used the Harvard commencement in 1947 as a launching plan; S.U. saw it as an American maneuver in the Cold War
- NATO
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed in 1949 out of the brussels Treaty;
- Peoples Republic of China
- formed by Mao Zedong; major deve. in world communist movement;
- Potsdam Conference
- meeting between Allied leaders in summer of 1945 at Potsdam, a suberb of Berlin; Truman from U.S., Stalin for Soviet Union, Churchill anbd Atlee from Britain; questions arose about composition of Polish government and administration of occupied Germany;
- Suez Canal Crisis
- joint attack between British, France, and Israel in 1946 in Arab war failed;
- “Third Worldâ€
- emergence of dozens of new nations in 50's and 60's began to change the nature of international relations;
- Truman Doctrine
- Truman’s policy to help any government threatened by invasion from without or subversion from within in 1947
- United Nations
- Main forum for discussion of international strife post- WWII;
- Viet Minh
- formed by Ho Chi Minh, a broadly based nationalist movement heavly inflouenced by the Vietnamese communists