us hist ch. 18
Terms
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- Gilded Age
- looks good on the outside but not on the inside rich are REALLY rich and poor are really poor
- political machines
- political party organizations that ran cities and are associated with corruption and undemocratic practices immigrants stayed loyal to them because they gave them benefits ex: tammany hall
- William M. Tweed
- "boss" of the most notorious political machine, NY's Democratic Party. headquarters: Tammany Hall eventualy brought down
- Thomas Nast
- well-known cartoonist of the 19th century eventually brought down Tweed through his series of cartoons
- One of the most signifcant trends of the Gilded Age was:
- the large number of immigrants who entered the US
- "new immigration" / "old immigration"
- mainly southern and easter europeans and asians / old: northern and western europeans (irish and germans)
- Brooklyn Bridge
- big engineering accomplishment connected the cities of Brooklyn and New York
- Elisha Otis
- developed the elevator in 1857
- Frederick Law Olmsted
- most closely linked to ht eparks movement designed New York City's Central Park 1876
- social gospel
- the belief that religious institutions should work to improve society as well as attend to people's spiritual needs
- Jacob Riis
- book: "How the Other Half Lives" 1890 drew many people's attention to the conditions of the poor with photos
- Tenement Law 1879
- by New York every room in an apartment must have an outside window and buildings must meet plumbing and ventilation standards
- dumbbell tenement
- grew out of the Tenement Law buildings were designed to conform to the standards while cramming the most people in the smallest space
- Jane Addams
- organized the Hull Hous 1889
- Hull House
- a settlement house in Chicago for poor immigrants, mostly women and children
- Settlement House Movement
- established centers in many cities to help the poor
- Samuel F. B. Morse
- developed the telegraph
- Alexander Graham Bell
- developed the telephone 1876
- typewriter / linotype machine
- 1860s transfored office work / 1885 allowp rinters to quickly create type for printing - greatly reduce cost of producing newspapers and magazines
- Women's Christian Temperance Union
- largest temperance group founded in 1874
- Anthony Comstock
- most well-known crusader against gambling, prostitutiong, and obscenity
- Comstock Law 1873
- made it illegal to send material deemed obscene, including information about birth conrol, through the mail
- Young Men's Christian Assocatoin 1851
- founding reflected concern for both physical fitness and moral uplift
- Change in american society: leisure
- americans have more leisure time by the end of the century
- Margaret Sanger
- social activist who said that women should be free to enjoy sexual relations
- Literacy rates rose during the Guilded Age as:
- more americans attended school for longer periods of time
- Edward Bellamy
- novel 'Looking Backward, 2000-1887' 1888 problems caused by industrialization had been solved by a socialist government proposed a utopian society: no rich/poor government controls industry and wages, equal pay
- Mark Twain
- question US imperialist policies 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer' 1876 and 'The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn' 1884
- How was art influenced during the Gilded Age?
- It turned to realism
- yellow journalism
- often untrue accounts of events to attract readers
- social Darwinism
- surival of the fittest members of a species which are est adapted to a particular environment are more likely to survive into adulthood and pass on their genes to the next generation
- laissez-faire
- government plays little or not role in intervening in the economy
- gospel of the wealth
- the accumulation of wealth as a positive sigh from God