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Plumbing Vocab

Terms

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ACCEPTED ENGINEERING PRACTICE
That which conforms to accepted principles, tests or standards of nation­ally recognized technical or scientific authorities.
ACCESS (TO)
That which enables a fixture, appliance or equipment to be reached by ready access or by a means that first requires the removal or movement of a panel, door or similar obstruction (see "Ready access").
ACCESS COVER
A removable plate, usually secured by bolts or screws, to permit access to a pipe or pipe fitting for the pur­poses of inspection, repair or cleaning.
ADAPTER FITTING
An approved connecting device that suitably and properly joins or adjusts pipes and fittings which do not otherwise fit together.
AIR ADMITTANCE VALVE
One-way valve designed to al­low air to enter the plumbing drainage system when negative pressures develop in the piping system. The device shall close by gravity and seal the vent terminal at zero differential pres­sure (no flow conditions) and under positive internal pressures. The purpose of an air admittance valve is to provide a method of allowing air to enter the plumbing drainage system without the use of a vent extended to open air and to prevent sewer gases from escaping into a building.
AIR BREAK (Drainage System).
A piping arrangement in which a drain from a fixture, appliance or device discharges in­directly into another fixture, receptacle or interceptor at a point below the flood level rim and above the trap seal.
AIR GAP (Drainage System)
The unobstructed vertical dis­tance through the free atmosphere between the outlet of the waste pipe and the flood level rim of the receptacle into which the waste pipe is discharging.
AIR GAP (Water Distribution System).
The unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the low­est opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank, plumbing fixture or other device and the flood level rim of the receptacle.
ALTERNATIVE ENGINEERED DESIGN
A plumbing system that performs in accordance with the intent of Chapters 3 through 12 and provides an equivalent level of performance for the protection of public health, safety and welfare. The sys­tem design is not specifically regulated by Chapters 3 through 12.
ANCHORS
See "Supports."
ANTISIPHON
A term applied to valves or mechanical de­vices that eliminate siphonage.
APPROVED
Approved by the code official or other authority having jurisdiction.
APPROVED AGENCY
An established and recognized agency approved by the code official and that is regularly en­gaged in conducting tests or furnishing inspection services.
AREA DRAIN
A receptacle designed to collect surface or storm water from an open area.
ASPIRATOR
A fitting or device supplied with water or other fluid under positive pressure that passes through an integral or­ifice or constriction, causing a vacuum. Aspirators are also re­ferred to as suction apparatus, and are similar in operation to an ejector.
BACKFLOW
Pressure created by any means in the water dis­tribution system, which by being in excess of the pressure in the water supply mains causes a potential backflow condition.
Backpressure, low head
A pressure less than or equal to 4.33 psi (29.88 kPa) or the pressure exerted by a 10-foot (3048 mm) column of water.
Backsiphonage
The backflow of potentially contaminated water into the potable water system as a result of the pres­sure in the potable water system falling below atmospheric pressure of the plumbing fixtures, pools, tanks or vats con­nected to the potable water distribution piping.
Backwater valve
A device or valve installed in the build­ing drain or sewer pipe where a sewer is subject to backflow, and which prevents drainage or waste from backing up into a low level or fixtures and causing a flooding condition.
BACKFLOW CONNECTION
Any arrangement whereby backflow is possible.
BACKFLOW PREVENTER
A device or means to prevent backflow.
BALL COCK
See "Fill Valve."
BASE FLOOD ELEVATION
A reference point, determined in accordance with the building code, based on the depth or peak elevation of flooding, including wave height, which has a 1 percent (100-year flood) or greater chance of occurring in any given year.
BATHROOM GROUP
A group of fixtures consisting of a water closet, lavatory, bathtub or shower, including or exclud­ing a bidet, an emergency floor drain or both. Such fixtures are located together on the same floor level.
BEDPAN STEAMER OR BOILER
A fixture utilized for scalding bedpans or urinals by direct application of steam or boiling water.
BEDPAN WASHER AND STERILIZER
A fixture de­signed to wash bedpans and to flush the contents into the sani­tary drainage system. Included are fixtures of this type that provide for disinfecting utensils by scalding with steam or hot water.
BEDPAN WASHER HOSE
A device supplied with hot and cold water and located adjacent to a water closet or clinical sink to be utilized for cleansing bedpans.
BRANCH
Any part of the piping system except a riser, main or stack.
BRANCH INTERVAL
A distance along a soil or waste stack corresponding in general to a story height, but not less than 8 feet (243 8 mm), within which the horizontal branches from one floor or story of a structure are connected to the stack.
BRANCH VENT
A vent connecting one or more individual vents with a vent stack or stack vent.
BUILDING DRAIN
That part of the lowest piping of a drainage system that receives the discharge from soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside and that extends 30 inches (762mm) in developed length of pipe beyond the exterior walls of the building and conveys the drainage to the building sewer.
Combined
A building sewer that conveys both sewage and storm water or other drainage.
Sanitary
A drainage system that carries sewage and ex­cludes storm, surface and ground water.
Storm
A drainage system that carries rainwater, surface water, subsurface water and similar liquid wastes.
BUILDING SEWER
That part of the drainage system that extends from the end of the building drain and conveys the dis­charge to a public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage dis­posal system or other point of disposal.
BUILDING SUBDRAIN
That portion of a drainage system that does not drain by gravity into the building sewer.
BUILDING TRAP
A device, fitting or assembly of fittings in­stalled in the building drain to prevent circulation of air be­tween the drainage system of the building and the building sewer.
CIRCUIT VENT
A vent that connects to a horizontal drain­age branch and vents two traps to a maximum of eight traps or trapped fixtures connected into a battery.
CISTERN
A small covered tank for storing water for a home or farm. Generally, this tank stores rainwater to be utilized for purposes other than in the potable water supply, and such tank is placed underground in most cases.
CLEANOUT
An access opening in the drainage system uti­lized for the removal of obstructions. Types of cleanouts in­clude a removable plug or cap, and a removable fixture or fix­ture trap.
CODE
These regulations, subsequent amendments thereto, or any emergency rule or regulation that the administrative au­thority having jurisdiction has lawfully adopted.
CODE OFFICIAL
The officer or other designated authority charged with the administration and enforcement of this code, or a duly authorized representative.
COMBINATION FIXTURE
A fixture combining one sink and laundry tray or a two- or three-compartment sink or laun­dry tray in one unit.
COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM
A spe­cially designed system of waste piping embodying the horizon­tal wet venting of one or more sinks or floor drains by means of a common waste and vent pipe adequately sized to provide free movement of air above the flow line of the drain.
COMMON VENT
A vent connecting at the junction of two fixture drains or to a fixture branch and serving as a vent for both fixtures.
CONCEALED FOULING SURFACE
Any surface of a plumbing fixture which is not readily visible and is not scoured or cleansed with each fixture operation.
CONDUCTOR
A pipe inside the building that conveys storm water from the roof to a storm or combined building drain.
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
Ail of the written, graphic and pictorial documents prepared or assembled for de­scribing the design, location and physical characteristics of the elements of the project necessary for obtaining a building per­mit. The construction drawings shall be drawn to an appropri­ate scale.
CONTAMINATION
An impairment of the quality of the po­table water that creates an actual hazard to the public health through poisoning or through the spread of disease by sewage, industrial fluids or waste.
CRITICAL LEVEL (C-L)
An elevation (height) reference point that determines the minimum height at which a backflow preventer or vacuum breaker is installed above the flood level rim of the fixture or receptor served by the device. The critical level is the elevation level below which there is a potential for backflow to occur. If the critical level marking is not indicated on the device, the bottom of the device shall constitute the criti­cal level.
CROSS CONNECTION
Any physical connection or arrange­ment between two otherwise separate piping systems, one of which contains potable water and the other either water of un­known or questionable safety or steam, gas or chemical, whereby there exists the possibility for flow from one system to the other, with the direction of flow depending on the pressure differential between the two systems (see "Backflow").
DEAD END
A branch leading from a soil, waste or vent pipe; a building drain; or a building sewer, and terminating at a de­veloped length of 2 feet (610 mm) or more by means of a plug, cap or other closed fitting.
DEPTH OF WATER SEAL
The depth of water that would have to be removed from a full trap before air could pass through the trap.
DESIGN FLOOD ELEVATION
The elevation of the "de­sign flood," including wave height, relative to the datum speci­fied on the community's legally designated flood hazard map.
DEVELOPED LENGTH
The length of a pipeline measured along the centerline of the pipe and fittings.
DISCHARGE PIPE
A pipe that conveys the discharges from plumbing fixtures or appliances.
DRAIN
Any pipe that carries wastewater or water-borne wastes in a building drainage system.
DRAINAGE FITTINGS
Type of fitting or fittings utilized in the drainage system. Drainage fittings are similar to cast-iron fittings, except that instead of having a bell and spigot, drainage fittings are recessed and tapped to eliminate ridges on the inside of the installed pipe.
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT
Drainage (dfu). A measure of the probable discharge into the drainage system by various types of plumbing fixtures. The drainage fixture-unit value for a particular fixture de­pends on its volume rate of drainage discharge, on the time duration of a single drainage operation and on the average time between successive operations.
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Piping within a public or private premise that conveys sewage, rainwater or other liquid wastes to a point of disposal. A drainage system does not include the mains of a public sewer system or a private or public sewage treatment or disposal plant.
Building gravity
A drainage system that drains by gravity into the building sewer.
EFFECTIVE OPENING
The minimum cross-sectional area at the point of water supply discharge, measured or expressed in terms of the diameter of a circle or, if the opening is not circu­lar, the diameter of a circle of equivalent cross-sectional area. For faucets and similar fittings, the effective opening shall be ⬢ measured at the smallest orifice in the fitting body or in (he sup­ply piping to the fitting.
EMERGENCY FLOOR DRAIN
A floor drain that does not receive the discharge of any drain or indirect waste pipe, and that protects against damage from accidental spills, fixture overflows and leakage.
ESSENTIALLY NONTOXIC TRANSFER FLUIDS
Fluids having a Gosselin rating of 1, including propylene glycol; mineral oil; polydirnethylsiloxane; hydrochlorofluoro-carbon, chlorofluorocarbon and carbon refrigerants; and FDA-approved boiler water additives for steam boilers.
ESSENTIALLY TOXIC TRANSFER FLUIDS
Soil, waste or gray water and fluids having a Gosselin rating of 2 or more including ethylene glycol, hydrocarbon oils, ammonia refrig­erants and hydrazine,
EXISTING INSTALLATIONS
Any plumbing system regu­lated by this code that was legally installed prior to the effective date of this code, or for which a permit to install has been is­sued.
FAUCET
A valve end of a water pipe through which water is drawn from or held within the pipe.
FILL VALVE
A water supply valve, opened or closed by me­ans of a float or similar device, utilized to supply water to a tank. An antisiphon fill valve contains an antisiphon device in the form of an approved air gap or vacuum breaker that is an in­tegral part of the fill valve unit and that is positioned on the dis­charge side of the water supply control valve.
FIXTURE BRANCH
A drain serving two or more fixtures that discharges to another drain or to a stack.
FIXTURE DRAIN
The drain from the trap of a. fixture to a junction with any other drain pipe.
Supply fitting.
A fitting that controls the volume and/or di­rectional flow of water and is either attached to or accessible from a fixture, or is used with an open or atmospheric dis­charge.
Waste fitting.
A combination of components that conveys the sanitary waste from the outlet of a fixture to the connec­tion to the sanitary drainage system.
FIXTURE SUPPLY
The water supply pipe connecting a fix­ture to a branch water supply pipe or directly to a main water supply pipe.
FLOOD LEVEL RIM
The edge of the receptacle from which water overflows.
FLOOD HAZARD AREA
The greater of the following two areas: 1. The area within a flood plain subject to a I-percent or greater chance of flooding in any given year. 2.The area designated as a flood hazard area on a commu­nity's flood hazard map or as otherwise legally desig­nated.
FLOW PRESSURE
The pressure in the water supply pipe near the faucet or water outlet while the faucet or water outlet is wide open and flowing.
FLUSH TANK
A tank designed with a fill valve and flush valve to flush the contents of the bowl or usable portion of the fixture.
FLUSHOMETER TANK
A device integrated within an air accumulator vessel that is designed to discharge a predeter­mined quantity of water to fixtures for flushing purposes.
FLUSHOMETER VALVE
A valve attached to a pressurized water supply pipe and so designed that when activated it opens the line for direct flow into the fixture at a rate and quantity to operate the fixture properly, and then gradually closes to reseal fixture traps and avoid water hammer.
I GREASE INTERCEPTOR
A passive interceptor whose rated flow exceeds 50 gpm (189 L/m).
GREASE-LADEN WASTE
Effluent discharge that is pro­duced from food processing, food preparation or other sources where grease, fats and oils enter automatic dishwater pre-rinse stations, sinks or other appurtenances.
GREASE TRAP
A passive interceptor whose rated flow is 50 gpm (189 L/m) or less.
HORIZONTAL BRANCH DRAW
A drainage branch pipe extending laterally from a soil or waste stack or building drain, with or without vertical sections or branches, that receives the discharge from two or more fixture drains or branches and con­ducts the discharge to the soil or waste stack or to the building drain.
HORIZONTAL PIPE
Any pipe or fitting that makes an angle of less than 45 degrees (0.79 rad) with the horizontal.
HOT WATER
Water at a temperature greater than or equal to 110°F(43DC).
INDIRECT WASTE PIPE
A waste pipe that does not con­nect directly with the drainage system, but that discharges into the drainage system through an air break or air gap into a trap, fixture, receptor or interceptor.
INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM
A system for disposal of domestic sewage by means of a septic tank.cess-pool or mechanical treatment, designed for utilization apart from a public sewer to serve a single establishment or building.
INDIVIDUAL VENT
A pipe installed to vent a fixture trap and connects with the vent system above the fixture served or terminates in the open air.
INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLY
A water supply that serves one or more families, and that is not an approved public water supply.
INTERCEPTOR
A device designed and installed to separate and retain for removal, by automatic or manual means, deleteri­ous, hazardous or undesirable matter from normal wastes, while permitting normal sewage or wastes to discharge into the drainage system by gravity.
Expansion Joint
A loop, return bend or return offset that pro­vides for the expansion and contraction in a piping system and is utilized in tall buildings or where there is a rapid change of temperature, as in power plants, steam rooms and similar occupancies.
Flexible Joint
Any joint between two pipes that permits one pipe to be deflected or moved without movement or deflection of the other pipe. Mechanical. See "Mechanical joint."
Slip Joint
A type of joint made by means of a washer or a special type of packing compound in which one pipe is slipped into tie end of an adjacent pipe.
LEAD-FREE PIPE AND FITTINGS
Containing not more than 8.0-percent lead.
LEAD-FREE SOLDER AND FLUX
Containing not more than 0.2-percent lead.
LEADER
An exterior drainage pipe for conveying storm wa­ter from roof or gutter drains to an approved means of disposal.
LOCAL VENT STACK
A vertical pipe to which connections are made from the fixture side of traps and through which vapor or foul air is removed from the fixture or device utilized on bed­pan washers.
MACERATING TOILET SYSTEMS
An assembly consist­ing of a water closet and sump with a macerating pump that is designed to collect, grind and pump wastes from the water closet and up to two other fixtures connected to the sump.
MAIN
The principal pipe artery to which branches are con­nected.
MECHANICAL JOINT
A connection between pipes, fit­tings, or pipes and fittings that is not screwed, caulked, threaded, soldered, solvent cemented, brazed or welded. A joint in which compression is applied along the centerline of the pieces being joined. In some applications, the joint is part of a coupling, fitting or adapter.
MEDICAL GAS SYSTEM
The complete system to convey medical gases for direct patient application from central supply systems (bulk tanks, manifolds and medical air compressors), with pressure and operating controls, alarm warning systems, related components and piping networks extending to station outlet valves at patient use points.
MEDICAL VACUUM SYSTEMS
A system consisting of central-vacuum-producing equipment with pressure and oper­ating controls, shutoff valves, alarm-warning systems, gauges and a network of piping extending to and terminating with suitable station inlets at locations where patient suction may be re­quired.
NONPOTABLE WATER
Water not safe for drinking, per­sonal or culinary utilization.
OCCUPANCY
The purpose for which a building or portion thereof is utilized or occupied.
OFFSET
A combination of approved bends that makes two changes in direction bringing one section of the pipe out of line but into a line parallel with the other section.
PLUMBING APPLIANCE
Any one of a special class of plumbing fixtures intended to perform a special function. In­cluded are fixtures having the operation or control dependent on one or more energized components, such as motors, con­trols, heating elements, or pressure- or temperature-sensing el­ements Such fixtures are manually adjusted or controlled by the owner or operator, or are operated automatically through one or more of the following actions: a time cycle, a temperature range, a pressure range, a measured volume or weight.
PLUMBING APPURTENANCE
A manufactured device, prefabricated assembly or an on-the-job assembly of component parts that is an adjunct to the basic piping system and plumbing fixtures. An appurtenance demands no additional water supply and does not add any discharge load to a fixture or to the drainage system.
PLUMBING FIXTURE
A receptacle or device that is either permanently or temporarily connected to the water distribution system of the premises and demands a supply of water there­from; discharges wastewater, liquid-borne waste materials or sewage either directly or indirectly to the drainage system of the premises; or requires both a water supply connection and a discharge to the drainage system of the premises.
PLUMBING SYSTEM
Includes the water supply and distri­bution pipes; plumbing fixtures and traps; water-treating or water-using equipment; soil, waste and vent pipes; and sanitary and storm sewers and building drains: in addition to their re­spective connections, devices and appurtenances within a structure or premises.
POLLUTION
An impairment of the quality of the potable water to a degree that does not create a hazard to the public health but that does adversely and unreasonably affect the aes­thetic qualities of such potable water for domestic use.
POTABLE WATER
Water free from impurities present in amounts sufficient to cause disease or harmful physiological effects and conforming to the bacteriological and chemical qu­ality requirements of the Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards or the regulations of the public health authority hav­ing jurisdiction.
PRIVATE
In the classification of plumbing fixtures, "private" 1 applies to fixtures in residences and apartments, and to fixtures in nonpublic toilet rooms of hotels and motels and similar installations in buildings where the plumbing fixtures are intended for utilization by a family or an individual.
PUBLIC OR PUBLIC UTILIZATION
In the classification of plumbing fixtures, "public" applies to fixtures in general toi­let rooms of schools, gymnasiums, hotels, airports, bus and railroad stations, public buildings, bars, public comfort sta­tions, office buildings, stadiums, stores, restaurants and other installations where a number of fixtures are installed so that their utilization is similarly unrestricted.
PUBLIC WATER MAIN
A water supply pipe for public uti­lization controlled by public authority.
QUICK-CLOSING VALVE
A valve or faucet that closes au­tomatically when released manually or that is controlled by a mechanical means for fast-action closing.
READY ACCESS
That which enables a fixture, appliance or equipment to be directly reached without requiring the removal or movement of any panel, door or similar obstruction and without the use of a portable ladder, step stool or similar device.
REDUCED PRESSURE PRINCIPLE BACKFLOW PREVENTER
A backflow prevention device consisting of two independently acting check valves, internally force-loaded to a normally closed position and separated by an intermediate chamber (or zone) in which there is an automatic relief means of venting to the atmosphere, internally loaded to a normally open position between two tightly closing shutoff valves and with a means for testing for tightness of the checks and opening of the relief means.
Pressure Relief Valve
A pressure-actuated valve held closed by a spring or other means and designed to relieve pressure automatically at the pressure at which such valve is set.
Temperature and pressure relief (T&P) valve
A combi­nation relief valve designed to function as both a tempera­ture relief and a pressure relief valve.
Temperature relief valve
A temperature-actuated valve designed to discharge automatically at the temperature at which such valve is set.
RELIEF VENT
A vent whose primary function is to provide circulation of air between drainage and vent systems.
RIM
An unobstructed open edge of a fixture.
ROOF DRAIN
A drain installed to receive water collecting on the surface of a roof and to discharge such water into a leader or a conductor.
ROUGH-IN
Parts of the plumbing system that are installed prior to the installation of fixtures. This includes drainage, wa­ter supply, vent piping and the necessary fixture supports and any fixtures that are built into the structure.
SELF-CLOSING FAUCET
A faucet containing a valve that automatically closes upon de-activation of the opening means. SEPARATOR, See "Interceptor."
SEWAGE
Any liquid waste containing animal or vegetable matter in suspension or solution, including liquids containing chemicals in solution.
SEWAGE EJECTORS
A device for lifting sewage by en­training the sewage in a high-velocity jet of steam, air or water.
SLOPE.
The fall (pitch) of a line of pipe in reference to a hori­zontal plane. In drainage, the slope is expressed as the fall in units vertical per units horizontal (percent) for a length of pipe.
SOIL PIPE
A pipe that conveys sewage containing fecal mat­ter to the building drain or building sewer.
SPILLPROOF VACUUM BREAKER
An assembly consisting of one check valve force-loaded closed and an air-inlet vent valve force-loaded open to atmosphere, posi­tioned downstream of the check valve, and located between and including two tightly closing shutoff valves and a test cock.
STACK
A general term for any vertical line of soil, waste, vent or inside conductor piping that extends through at least one story with, or without offsets.
STACK VENT
The extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain connected to the stack to both wash and sterilize instruments during the operating cycle of the fixture.
STERILIZER VENT
A separate pipe or stack, indirectly connected to the building drainage system at the lower termi­nal, that receives the vapors from nonpressure sterilizers, or the exhaust vapors from pressure sterilizers, and conducts the va­pors directly to the open air. Also called vapor, steam, atmo­spheric or exhaust vent
SUBSOIL DRAIN
A drain that collects subsurface water or seepage water and conveys such water to a place of disposal
SUMP
A tank or pit that receives sewage or liquid waste, lo­cated below the normal grade of the gravity system and that must be emptied by mechanical means.
SUMP PUMP
An automatic water pump powered by an elec­tric motor for the removal of drainage, except raw sewage, from a sump, pit or low point.
SUMP VENT
A vent from pneumatic sewage ejectors, or sim­ilar equipment, that terminates separately to the open air.
STACK VENTING
A method of venting a fixture or fixtures through the soil or waste stack.
STERILIZER BOILING TYPE
A boiling-type sterilizer is a fixture of a nonpressure type utilized for boiling instruments, utensils or other equipment for disinfection. These devices are por­table or are connected to the plumbing system.
STERILIZER INSTRUMENT
A device for the sterilization of various instru­ments.
STERLIZER PRESSURE
A pressure vessel fixture designed to utilize steam under pressure for sterilizing.
Pressure instrument washer sterilizer.
A pressure instru­ment washer sterilizer is a pressure vessel fixture designed the open air.
SUPPORTS
Devices for supporting and securing pipe, fix­tures and equipment.
SWIMMING POOL
Any structure, basin, chamber or tank containing an artificial body of water for swimming, diving or recreational bathing having a depth of 2 feet (610 mm) or more at any point.
TEMPERED WATER
Water having a temperature range be­tween 85 °F (29°C) and 110°F (43 °C).
THIRD-PARTY CERTIFICATION AGENCY
An approved agency operating a product or material certification system that incorporates initial product testing, assessment and surveillance of a manufacturer's quality control system.
THIRD-PARTY CERTIFIED
Certification obtained by the manufacturer indicating that the function and performance characteristics of a product or material have been determined by testing and ongoing surveillance by an approved third-party certification agency. Assertion of certification is in the form of identification in accordance with the requirements of the third-party certification agency.
THIRD-PARTY TESTED
Procedure by which an approved testing laboratory provides documentation that a product, ma­terial or system conforms to specified requirements. TRAP. A fitting or device that provides a liquid seal to prevent the emission of sewer gases without materially affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater through the trap.
TRAP SEAL
The vertical distance between the weir and the top of the dip of the trap.
UNSTABLE GROUND
Earth that does not provide a uni­form bearing for the barrel of the sewerpipe between the joints at the bottom of the pipe trench.
VACUUM
Any pressure less than that exerted by the atmo­sphere.
VACUUM BREAKER
A type of backflow preventer in­stalled on openings subject to normal atmospheric pressure that prevents back flow by admitting atmospheric pressure through ports to the discharge side of the device.
VENT STACK
A vertical ventpipe installed primarily for the purpose of providing circulation of air to and from any part of the drainage system.
VENT SYSTEM
A pipe or pipes installed to provide a flow of air to or from a drainage system, or to provide a circulation of air within such system to protect trap seals from siphonage and backpressure.
VERTICAL PIPE
Any pipe or fitting that makes an angle of 45 degrees (0.79 rad) or more with the horizontal.
WALL-HUNG WATER CLOSET
A wall-mounted water closet installed in such a way that the fixture does not touch the floor.
WASTE
The discharge from any fixture, appliance, area or appurtenance that does not contain fecal matter.
WASTE PIPE
A pipe that conveys only waste.
WATER-HAMMER ARRESTOR
A device utilized to ab­sorb the pressure surge (water hammer) that occurs when water flow is suddenly stopped in a water supply system.
WATER HEATER
Any heating appliance or equipment that heats potable water and supplies such water to the potable hot water distribution system.
WATER MAIN
A water supply pipe or system of pipes, in­stalled and maintained by a city, township, county, public util­ity company or other public entity, on public property, in the street or in an approved dedicated easement of public or com­munity use.
WATER OUTLET
A discharge opening through which water is supplied to a fixture, into the atmosphere (except into an open tank that is part of the water supply system), to a boiler or heat­ing system, or to any devices or equipment requiring water to operate but which are not part of the plumbing system. WATER
RISER PIPE
A water supply pipe that extends one full story or more to convey water to branches or to a group of fixtures.
WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPE
A pipe within the structure or on the premises that conveys water from the water service pipe, or from the meter when the meter is at the structure, to the points of utilization.
WATER SERVICE PIPE
The pipe from the water main or other source of potable water supply, or from the meter when the meter is at the public right of way, to the water distribution system of the building served.
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
The water service pipe, water distribution pipes, and the necessary connecting pipes, fittings,
WELL, BORED
A well constructed by boring a hole in the ground with an auger and installing a casing.
WELL, DRILLED
A well constructed by making a hole in the ground with a drilling machine of any type and installing casing and screen.
WELL, DRIVEN
A well constructed by driving a pipe in the ground. The drive pipe is usually fitted with a well point and screen. Dug. A well constructed by excavating a large-diameter shaft and installing a casing.
WHIRLPOOL BATHTUB
A plumbing appliance consisting of a bathtub fixture that is equipped and fitted with a circulating piping system designed to accept, circulate and discharge bath­tub water upon each use.
YOKE VENT
A pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack to a vent stack for the purpose of preventing pressure changes in the stacks.

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