Industrialization
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- Industrialization causes
- agriculture revolution, foreign trade growth, technology, energy supplies and transportation (coal and steam engine)In England, they had good gov’t, banks and effective cheap domestic market. Cotton mill industry. Cheap food.
- Main cities and conditions in cities
- London, Belgium, France, Germany and US usually filled w/ coal. Spread of disease. Poor sanitation.
- Conditions in factories
- early cotton mills were family run, poorhouses, children worked w/ parents Factory Act of 1833 broke pattern of families working in mills. Children underage should not work. Hours were long w/ little pay.
- Significant inventions and inventors
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James Watt – steam engine larger markets larger factories little economic uncertainity
Hargreaves – Spinning Jenny which made cotton cheaper - David Ricardo
- “iron law of wages†wages would be just high enough to keep workers from starving (subsistence)
- Adam Smith
- Wealth of Nations. Free economy. Laissez-faire. Invisible hand. Capitalism
- Thomas Malthus
- population grows faster than food supply checks w/ war
- Luddites
- worried that technology will cause them to lose their jobs
- Chartistis
- political democracy Universal male suffrage lower hours in factories
- British Parliament and Factory Acts
- Factory Act of 1833 restricted children underage from working in factories. Limited workday for children. Underage children in schools. Helped improve conditions.
- Edwin Chadwick
- brought public health measures to England disease and death caused poverty
- Results of industrialization
- mass production, cheaper goods, improved way of life (a new sense of poverty), urbanization
- Great Reform Bill of 1832
- doubled electorate gave more political say to urbans. More power to the House of Commons.